महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-115, verse-9

संजय उवाच ।
तथा तु वैकर्तनपीडितं तं भीमं प्रयान्तं पुरुषप्रवीरम् ।
समीक्ष्य राजन्नरवीरमध्ये शिनिप्रवीरोऽनुययौ रथेन ॥९॥

9. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tathā tu vaikartanapīḍitaṁ taṁ; bhīmaṁ prayāntaṁ puruṣapravīram ,
samīkṣya rājannaravīramadhye; śinipravīro'nuyayau rathena.

9. saṃjaya uvāca tathā tu vaikartanapīḍitam
tam bhīmam prayāntam
puruṣapravīram samīkṣya rājan naravīramadhye
śinipravīraḥ anuyayau rathena

9. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tu śinipravīraḥ
naravīramadhye vaikartanapīḍitam
prayāntam tam puruṣapravīram bhīmam
samīkṣya tathā rathena anuyayau

9. Saṃjaya said: "O King, when the hero of the Śinis (Sātyaki) saw Bhīma, the foremost of men, tormented by Karṇa (the son of Vīkartana) and proceeding amidst other heroes, he followed him in his chariot."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वैकर्तनपीडितम् (vaikartanapīḍitam) - tormented by Karṇa (tormented by Karṇa (son of Vīkartana), afflicted by Karṇa)

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (name of the Pāṇḍava hero) (Bhīma (name), terrible, formidable)

• प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - proceeding, going forward, advancing

• पुरुषप्रवीरम् (puruṣapravīram) - the foremost of men, the hero among men

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• नरवीरमध्ये (naravīramadhye) - amidst the heroes of men, in the midst of warrior chiefs

• शिनिप्रवीरः (śinipravīraḥ) - Sātyaki, the hero of the Śinis (the hero of the Śinis)

• अनुययौ (anuyayau) - followed, went after

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with his chariot

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect form of 'vac'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial particle.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

वैकर्तनपीडितम् (vaikartanapīḍitam) - tormented by Karṇa (tormented by Karṇa (son of Vīkartana), afflicted by Karṇa)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartanapīḍita

vaikartanapīḍita - tormented by Karṇa (son of Vīkartana)

Compound describing the state of Bhīma.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaikartana+pīḍita)

• vaikartana – son of Vīkartana (an epithet for Karṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pīḍ (class 10) with suffix -ta
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Bhīma.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (name of the Pāṇḍava hero) (Bhīma (name), terrible, formidable)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name), terrible, formidable

Note: Object of 'samīkṣya'.

प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - proceeding, going forward, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayāt

prayāt - proceeding, going forward

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root yā (class 2) with upasarga pra- and suffix -at

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'.

पुरुषप्रवीरम् (puruṣapravīram) - the foremost of men, the hero among men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣapravīra

puruṣapravīra - foremost of men, hero among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+pravīra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• pravīra – hero, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from verb root īkṣ (class 1) with upasarga sam- and suffix -ya

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive verb form, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Saṃjaya addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

नरवीरमध्ये (naravīramadhye) - amidst the heroes of men, in the midst of warrior chiefs

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of naravīramadhya

naravīramadhya - midst of heroes, in the middle of men-warriors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vīra+madhya)

• nara – man, human, hero
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies location.

शिनिप्रवीरः (śinipravīraḥ) - Sātyaki, the hero of the Śinis (the hero of the Śinis)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śinipravīra

śinipravīra - hero of the Śinis (Sātyaki)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śini+pravīra)

• śini – name of a Yadava clan ancestor (Sātyaki's ancestor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – hero, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Subject of 'anuyayau'.

अनुययौ (anuyayau) - followed, went after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of anuyā

Derived from root yā (class 2) with upasarga anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Perfect form of 'anu-yā'.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with his chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Instrument of following.