महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-115, verse-14

अविध्यदेनं दशभिः पृषत्कैरलम्बुसो राजवरः प्रसह्य ।
अनागतानेव तु तान्पृषत्कांश्चिच्छेद बाणैः शिनिपुंगवोऽपि ॥१४॥

14. avidhyadenaṁ daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkai;ralambuso rājavaraḥ prasahya ,
anāgatāneva tu tānpṛṣatkāṁ;ściccheda bāṇaiḥ śinipuṁgavo'pi.

14. avidhyat enam daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ
alambusaḥ rājvaraḥ prasahya
anāgatān eva tu tān pṛṣatkān
ciccheda bāṇaiḥ śinipuṅgavaḥ api

14. rājvaraḥ alambusaḥ prasahya
daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ enam avidhyat
tu śinipuṅgavaḥ api bāṇaiḥ
anāgatān tān pṛṣatkān eva ciccheda

14. The best of kings, Alambusa, forcefully struck Sātyaki with ten arrows. But the bull among the Śinis (Sātyaki) also intercepted those very arrows with his own shafts even before they could reach him.

Words meanings summery:

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck, he hit

• एनम् (enam) - Sātyaki (him, this one)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten, with ten

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• अलम्बुसः (alambusaḥ) - Alambusa (name of a Rākṣasa warrior)

• राज्वरः (rājvaraḥ) - Alambusa (best of kings)

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, powerfully, having overpowered

• अनागतान् (anāgatān) - the arrows before they arrived (unarrived, not yet come)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows of Alambusa) (those)

• पृषत्कान् (pṛṣatkān) - Alambusa's arrows (arrows)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he pierced, he broke

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - Sātyaki's arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - Sātyaki (foremost of the Śinis clan) (bull among the Śinis, foremost of the Śinis)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

Words meanings and morphology

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect Active

Root vyadh, 4th conjugation, imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. 'a' prefix denotes past tense.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

एनम् (enam) - Sātyaki (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to Sātyaki.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten, with ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `pṛṣatkaiḥ`.

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

Note: Means by which Sātyaki was struck.

अलम्बुसः (alambusaḥ) - Alambusa (name of a Rākṣasa warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alambusa

alambusa - Alambusa (a Rākṣasa or demon warrior)

Note: Subject of `avidhyat`.

राज्वरः (rājvaraḥ) - Alambusa (best of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājvara

rājvara - best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vara)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Alambusa.

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, powerfully, having overpowered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root sah (to bear, overcome) with prefix pra and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Describes the manner of striking.

अनागतान् (anāgatān) - the arrows before they arrived (unarrived, not yet come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anāgata

anāgata - unarrived, not yet come, future

Negative Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'an' (not) and 'āgata' (arrived), which is from root gam (to go) with prefix ā.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āgata)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come, attained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tān pṛṣatkān`.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, emphasizing `anāgatān`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle, indicating a contrast.

तान् (tān) - those (arrows of Alambusa) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies `pṛṣatkān`. Refers to Alambusa's arrows.

पृषत्कान् (pṛṣatkān) - Alambusa's arrows (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

Note: Object of `ciccheda`.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he pierced, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of chid

Perfect Active

Root chid, perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root (ca-chid-da).

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - Sātyaki's arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Means by which Sātyaki intercepted the arrows.

शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - Sātyaki (foremost of the Śinis clan) (bull among the Śinis, foremost of the Śinis)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śinipuṅgava

śinipuṅgava - bull among the Śinis, foremost of the Śinis

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śini+puṅgava)

• śini – Śini (ancestor of Sātyaki's clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, eminent, foremost
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `ciccheda`.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that Sātyaki *also* acted.