महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-115, verse-10

नदन्यथा वज्रधरस्तपान्ते ज्वलन्यथा जलदान्ते च सूर्यः ।
निघ्नन्नमित्रान्धनुषा दृढेन संकम्पयंस्तव पुत्रस्य सेनाम् ॥१०॥

10. nadanyathā vajradharastapānte; jvalanyathā jaladānte ca sūryaḥ ,
nighnannamitrāndhanuṣā dṛḍhena; saṁkampayaṁstava putrasya senām.

10. nadan yathā vajradharaḥ tapānte
jvalan yathā jaladānte ca sūryaḥ
nighnan amitrān dhanuṣā dṛḍhena
saṃkampayan tava putrasya senām

10. yathā vajradharaḥ tapānte nadan
yathā ca sūryaḥ jaladānte jvalan
dṛḍhena dhanuṣā amitrān nighnan tava
putrasya senām saṃkampayan (anuyayau)

10. ...roaring just as the wielder of the thunderbolt (Indra) roars at the end of summer, and blazing just as the sun blazes after the rainy season (when the clouds depart); striking down enemies with his strong bow and causing your son's army to tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

• वज्रधरः (vajradharaḥ) - Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt (wielder of the thunderbolt, Indra)

• तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of summer, at the close of heat

• ज्वलन् (jvalan) - blazing, shining, burning

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

• जलदान्ते (jaladānte) - at the end of the rainy season, after the clouds

• च (ca) - and, also

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down, slaying, killing

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

• धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - with a bow

• दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - strong, firm, solid

• संकम्पयन् (saṁkampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking, agitating

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

Words meanings and morphology

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding, crying out

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root nad (class 1) with suffix -at

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Sātyaki) from the previous verse.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

वज्रधरः (vajradharaḥ) - Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt (wielder of the thunderbolt, Indra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajradhara

vajradhara - wielder of the thunderbolt (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+dhara)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – holding, carrying, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root dhṛ (class 1) with suffix -a
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile comparing Sātyaki to Indra.

तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of summer, at the close of heat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapānta

tapānta - end of heat, end of summer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapa+anta)

• tapa – heat, summer, penance (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates time.

ज्वलन् (jvalan) - blazing, shining, burning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, shining, burning

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root jval (class 1) with suffix -at

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Sātyaki), parallel to 'nadan'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

जलदान्ते (jaladānte) - at the end of the rainy season, after the clouds

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaladānta

jaladānta - end of clouds, end of rainy season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jalada+anta)

• jalada – cloud (giver of water)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of jala (water) and da (giver)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates time.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two similes.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Note: Subject of the simile comparing Sātyaki to the sun.

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down, slaying, killing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking down, slaying

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root han (class 2) with upasarga ni- and suffix -at (root han undergoes root vowel lengthening and gh before na)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Sātyaki).

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

Negative compound of 'mitra' (friend)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'nighnan'.

धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - with a bow

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Instrument of 'nighnan'.

दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - strong, firm, solid

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - strong, firm, solid, hard

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛṃh/dṛh (class 6, 1) with suffix -ta

Root: dṛṃh (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuṣā'.

संकम्पयन् (saṁkampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking, agitating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkampayat

saṁkampayat - causing to tremble, shaking, agitating

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from verb root kamp (class 1) with upasarga sam- and causative suffix -i and participle suffix -at

Prefix: sam

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Sātyaki).

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuvā

yuvā - you (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, force

Note: Object of 'saṃkampayan'.