महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-18, verse-1

शल्य उवाच ।
ततः शक्रः स्तूयमानो गन्धर्वाप्सरसां गणैः ।
ऐरावतं समारुह्य द्विपेन्द्रं लक्षणैर्युतम् ॥१॥

1. śalya uvāca ,
tataḥ śakraḥ stūyamāno gandharvāpsarasāṁ gaṇaiḥ ,
airāvataṁ samāruhya dvipendraṁ lakṣaṇairyutam.

1. śalyaḥ uvāca | tataḥ śakraḥ stūyamānaḥ gandharvāpsarasāṃ
gaṇaiḥ | airāvataṃ samāruhya dvipendraṃ lakṣaṇaiḥ yutam

1. Śalya said: Then Indra (Śakra), being praised by hosts of Gandharvas and Apsarases, mounted Airavata, the king of elephants, who was endowed with auspicious marks.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, powerful one

• स्तूयमानः (stūyamānaḥ) - being praised, being eulogized

• गन्धर्वाप्सरसां (gandharvāpsarasāṁ) - of Gandharvas and Apsarases

• गणैः (gaṇaiḥ) - by groups, by hosts, by attendants

• ऐरावतं (airāvataṁ) - Airavata (Indra's elephant)

• समारुह्य (samāruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

• द्विपेन्द्रं (dvipendraṁ) - king of elephants

• लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks, by characteristics, by auspicious signs

• युतम् (yutam) - endowed with, possessed of, joined with

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - A proper name; the king of Madra.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect active, Parasmaipada, from root vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, powerful one

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra; powerful; able.

Root: śak (class 5)

स्तूयमानः (stūyamānaḥ) - being praised, being eulogized

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stūyamāna

stūyamāna - being praised

Present Passive Participle

From root √stu (to praise), formed with -yamāna, Middle voice.

Root: stu (class 2)

गन्धर्वाप्सरसां (gandharvāpsarasāṁ) - of Gandharvas and Apsarases

(noun)

Genitive, plural of gandharvāpsaras

gandharvāpsaras - Gandharvas and Apsarases (celestial musicians and dancers)

Dvandva compound of Gandharva (masculine) and Apsaras (feminine).

Compound type : dvandva (gandharva+apsaras)

• gandharva – celestial musician
  noun (masculine)
• apsaras – celestial nymph/dancer
  noun (feminine)

Note: Genitive plural of the dvandva compound.

गणैः (gaṇaiḥ) - by groups, by hosts, by attendants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, host, multitude, troop

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

ऐरावतं (airāvataṁ) - Airavata (Indra's elephant)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of airāvata

airāvata - Airavata (the elephant of Indra, born from the ocean of milk)

समारुह्य (samāruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √ruh (to ascend, to mount) with upasargas sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

द्विपेन्द्रं (dvipendraṁ) - king of elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipendra

dvipendra - king of elephants; chief elephant

Tatpurusha compound: dvipa (elephant) + indra (king/chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvipa+indra)

• dvipa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Airavata.

लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks, by characteristics, by auspicious signs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, auspicious quality

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

युतम् (yutam) - endowed with, possessed of, joined with

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuta

yuta - joined, united, endowed with, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

From root √yu (to join, to unite).

Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with dvipendraṃ.