महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-7

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यथा निर्बन्धतः प्राप्तो गालवेन पराजयः ॥७॥

7. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yathā nirbandhataḥ prāpto gālavena parājayaḥ.

7. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
yathā nirbandhataḥ prāptaḥ gālavenā parājayaḥ

7. In this regard, they also cite this ancient legend (itihāsa): how Gālava suffered defeat because of insistence (nirbandha).

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this connection

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they mention, they relate

• इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient legend (legend, history, tradition)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

• निर्बन्धतः (nirbandhataḥ) - due to insistence, from insistence

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached, suffered

• गालवेना (gālavenā) - by Gālava

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, vanquishment

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this connection

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun idaṃ.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they mention, they relate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present active indicative

From root hṛ (to carry) with upasarga ud- and ā-. 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject 'they' is implicit.

इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Adjective to 'itihāsam'.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient legend (legend, history, tradition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - legend, history, narrative, tradition

From iti-ha-āsa (thus-it-was).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

From purā (formerly).

Note: Adjective to 'itihāsam'.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

(indeclinable)

निर्बन्धतः (nirbandhataḥ) - due to insistence, from insistence

(indeclinable)

Derived from noun nirbandha with -tas suffix, indicating cause or origin.

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating cause.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached, suffered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, reached, attained, suffered

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'parājayaḥ' as predicate.

गालवेना (gālavenā) - by Gālava

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, vanquishment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, vanquishment, discomfiture

From root ji (to conquer) with upasarga parā-.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.