महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-2

ज्ञातीनां दुःखकर्तारं बन्धूनां शोकवर्धनम् ।
सुहृदां क्लेशदातारं द्विषतां हर्षवर्धनम् ॥२॥

2. jñātīnāṁ duḥkhakartāraṁ bandhūnāṁ śokavardhanam ,
suhṛdāṁ kleśadātāraṁ dviṣatāṁ harṣavardhanam.

2. jñātīnām duḥkhakartāram bandhūnām śokavardhanam
suhṛdām kleśadātāram dviṣatām harṣavardhanam

2. [This describes] the one who causes sorrow to [his] relatives, increases the grief of [his] kinsmen, gives trouble to [his] friends, and causes joy to [his] enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of [his] relatives (of relatives, of kinsmen, of acquaintances)

• दुःखकर्तारम् (duḥkhakartāram) - the one who causes sorrow (the one who causes sorrow, the creator of unhappiness)

• बन्धूनाम् (bandhūnām) - of [his] kinsmen (of kinsmen, of relatives, of friends)

• शोकवर्धनम् (śokavardhanam) - the one who increases grief (the one who increases grief, increasing sorrow)

• सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of [his] friends (of friends, of well-wishers)

• क्लेशदातारम् (kleśadātāram) - the one who gives trouble (the one who gives trouble, giver of affliction)

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of [his] enemies (of enemies, of those who hate)

• हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - the one who causes joy (the one who increases joy, increasing delight)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of [his] relatives (of relatives, of kinsmen, of acquaintances)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - a relative, a kinsman, an acquaintance, a member of the same family or caste

Root: jñā (class 9)

दुःखकर्तारम् (duḥkhakartāram) - the one who causes sorrow (the one who causes sorrow, the creator of unhappiness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhakartṛ

duḥkhakartṛ - a creator of sorrow, one who causes pain

agent noun from kṛ

Formed from duḥkha (sorrow) and kartṛ (doer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+kartṛ)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• kartṛ – doer, creator, agent
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do) + tṛn suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

बन्धूनाम् (bandhūnām) - of [his] kinsmen (of kinsmen, of relatives, of friends)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - a kinsman, a relative, a friend, a connection

Root: bandh (class 9)

शोकवर्धनम् (śokavardhanam) - the one who increases grief (the one who increases grief, increasing sorrow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokavardhana

śokavardhana - increasing sorrow, causing grief

Formed from śoka (grief) and vardhana (increasing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+vardhana)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• vardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective (neuter)
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + ana suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with an implied masculine noun in accusative singular (e.g., 'him').

सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of [his] friends (of friends, of well-wishers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - a friend, a well-wisher

क्लेशदातारम् (kleśadātāram) - the one who gives trouble (the one who gives trouble, giver of affliction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kleśadātṛ

kleśadātṛ - a giver of trouble, one who causes affliction

agent noun from dā

Formed from kleśa (trouble) and dātṛ (giver).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kleśa+dātṛ)

• kleśa – trouble, affliction, pain, distress
  noun (masculine)
• dātṛ – giver, bestower
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root dā (to give) + tṛn suffix.
  Root: dā (class 3)

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of [his] enemies (of enemies, of those who hate)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - enemy, hater

Present active participle

From root dviṣ (to hate) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - the one who causes joy (the one who increases joy, increasing delight)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣavardhana

harṣavardhana - increasing joy, causing delight

Formed from harṣa (joy) and vardhana (increasing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (harṣa+vardhana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
• vardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective (neuter)
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + ana suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with an implied masculine noun in accusative singular (e.g., 'him').