महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-16

स दृष्ट्वा शिरसा भक्तं ध्रियमाणं महर्षिणा ।
तिष्ठता वायुभक्षेण विश्वामित्रेण धीमता ॥१६॥

16. sa dṛṣṭvā śirasā bhaktaṁ dhriyamāṇaṁ maharṣiṇā ,
tiṣṭhatā vāyubhakṣeṇa viśvāmitreṇa dhīmatā.

16. sa dṛṣṭvā śirasā bhaktam dhriyamāṇam maharṣiṇā
tiṣṭhatā vāyubhakṣeṇa viśvāmitreṇa dhīmatā

16. Having seen the devoted (Gālava), who with his head was steadfastly bearing (the burden of service), and the wise great sage Viśvāmitra, who was standing and subsisting on air...

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (Dharma) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head, by means of the head

• भक्तम् (bhaktam) - the devoted (Gālava) (devoted one, devotee)

• ध्रियमाणम् (dhriyamāṇam) - steadfastly enduring/bearing (the burden of service or penance) (bearing, sustaining, supporting, holding)

• महर्षिणा (maharṣiṇā) - by the great sage

• तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one standing, by him who is standing

• वायुभक्षेण (vāyubhakṣeṇa) - by the one subsisting on air

• विश्वामित्रेण (viśvāmitreṇa) - by Viśvāmitra

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the wise one, by the intelligent one

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (Dharma) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √dṛś with ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head, by means of the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

भक्तम् (bhaktam) - the devoted (Gālava) (devoted one, devotee)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, faithful, attached, devotee, follower

Past Passive Participle

From √bhaj (to divide, to share, to serve) + kta suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

ध्रियमाणम् (dhriyamāṇam) - steadfastly enduring/bearing (the burden of service or penance) (bearing, sustaining, supporting, holding)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛ

dhṛ - to bear, to hold, to support, to maintain, to endure, to sustain

Present Middle Passive Participle (used in an active sense in this context)

From √dhṛ + śānac suffix, usually passive 'being held/borne', here conveying an active sense of 'holding/bearing'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

महर्षिणा (maharṣiṇā) - by the great sage

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, venerable seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one standing, by him who is standing

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to remain, to be, to abide

Present Active Participle

From √sthā (class 1) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

वायुभक्षेण (vāyubhakṣeṇa) - by the one subsisting on air

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - subsisting on air (an ascetic practice), one who eats air

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – air, wind, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

विश्वामित्रेण (viśvāmitreṇa) - by Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a powerful sage)

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the wise one, by the intelligent one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, sagacious

From dhī (thought, intelligence) with matup suffix.