महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-3

कथं नैनं विमार्गस्थं वारयन्तीह बान्धवाः ।
सौहृदाद्वा सुहृत्स्निग्धो भगवान्वा पितामहः ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ nainaṁ vimārgasthaṁ vārayantīha bāndhavāḥ ,
sauhṛdādvā suhṛtsnigdho bhagavānvā pitāmahaḥ.

3. katham na enam vimārgastham vārayanti iha bāndhavāḥ
sauhṛdāt vā suhṛt snigdhaḥ bhagavān vā pitāmahaḥ

3. Why do [his] kinsmen here not restrain him, who is on the wrong path? Or why does a loving friend not restrain him out of affection (sauhṛda), or the venerable Grandfather (Bhīṣma)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - why (how, why, in what way)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• एनम् (enam) - him (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• विमार्गस्थम् (vimārgastham) - him who is on the wrong path (standing on the wrong path, being on a wrong course)

• वारयन्ति (vārayanti) - they restrain (they restrain, they prevent)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this matter)

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - kinsmen (kinsmen, relatives, friends)

• सौहृदात् (sauhṛdāt) - out of affection (sauhṛda) (from friendship, out of goodwill, because of affection)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend (friend, well-wisher)

• स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - loving, affectionate (affectionate, loving, tender, oily)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable (venerable, glorious, divine, Lord)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the Grandfather (referring to Bhīṣma or Brahmā) (grandfather, great-grandfather, Lord Brahmā)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - why (how, why, in what way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

एनम् (enam) - him (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enat

enat - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

विमार्गस्थम् (vimārgastham) - him who is on the wrong path (standing on the wrong path, being on a wrong course)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimārgastha

vimārgastha - standing on a wrong path, going astray, being in error

Formed from vi-mārga (wrong path) + stha (standing, situated).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vimārga+stha)

• vimārga – wrong path, evil course, deviation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'enam'.

वारयन्ति (vārayanti) - they restrain (they restrain, they prevent)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vāray

causal stem of vṛ

Formed from root vṛ (to cover, choose) with causal suffix -aya.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'bāndhavāḥ'.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - kinsmen (kinsmen, relatives, friends)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - a kinsman, a relative, a friend

Formed from bandhu (kinsman) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of 'vārayanti'.

सौहृदात् (sauhṛdāt) - out of affection (sauhṛda) (from friendship, out of goodwill, because of affection)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sauhṛda

sauhṛda - friendship, goodwill, affection

Derived from suhṛd (friend) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Expresses cause or reason.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend (friend, well-wisher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - a friend, a well-wisher, kind-hearted

Composed of su (good) + hṛd (heart).

Note: Subject of implied verb.

स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - loving, affectionate (affectionate, loving, tender, oily)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - affectionate, tender, loving, smooth, unctuous, oiled

Past Passive Participle

From root snih (to be affectionate, to be oily) + kta suffix.

Root: snih (class 4)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable (venerable, glorious, divine, Lord)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, venerable, fortunate, possessing wealth

Possessive adjective

From bhaga (fortune, excellence) + matup suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'pitāmahaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the Grandfather (referring to Bhīṣma or Brahmā) (grandfather, great-grandfather, Lord Brahmā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great-grandfather, Lord Brahmā

Compound of pitṛ (father) and mah (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of implied verb.