महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-20

इत्युक्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं गालवो मुनिसत्तमम् ।
प्रीतो मधुरया वाचा विश्वामित्रं महाद्युतिम् ॥२०॥

20. ityuktaḥ pratyuvācedaṁ gālavo munisattamam ,
prīto madhurayā vācā viśvāmitraṁ mahādyutim.

20. iti uktaḥ pratyuvāca idam gālavaḥ munisattamam
prītaḥ madhurayā vācā viśvāmitram mahādyutim

20. Thus addressed, Gālava, delighted, replied with sweet words to Viśvāmitra, the most excellent sage (muni) of great splendor.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• इदम् (idam) - this, these (words)

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

• मुनिसत्तमम् (munisattamam) - to the best of sages (muni), to the most excellent ascetic

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, glad

• मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet, with pleasant

• वाचा (vācā) - by voice, by speech, with words

• विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - to Viśvāmitra

• महाद्युतिम् (mahādyutim) - of great splendor, glorious

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed, told

Past Passive Participle

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Gālava

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

Perfect tense, reduplicated

From vac with prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this, these (words)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this speech/words

Note: Object of pratyuvāca

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (a proper name)

Note: Subject of pratyuvāca

मुनिसत्तमम् (munisattamam) - to the best of sages (muni), to the most excellent ascetic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of munisattama

munisattama - best of sages, most excellent ascetic (muni)

Compound: muni (sage) + sattama (superlative suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+sattama)

• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one (muni)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix tama added to sat (good, existing)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to Viśvāmitra

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, glad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, satisfied, glad, beloved

Past Passive Participle

From prī (to please)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Gālava

मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet, with pleasant

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming

Note: Modifies vācā

वाचा (vācā) - by voice, by speech, with words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Means of speaking

विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - to Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (a famous Vedic sage, originally a king)

Compound: viśva (all) + mitra (friend)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universe
  adjective (neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pratyuvāca

महाद्युतिम् (mahādyutim) - of great splendor, glorious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor, glorious, very radiant

Compound: mahā (great) + dyuti (splendor)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – splendor, brightness, luster
  noun (feminine)
  From dyut (to shine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Viśvāmitra