महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104, verse-13

भक्तं प्रगृह्य मूर्ध्ना तद्बाहुभ्यां पार्श्वतोऽगमत् ।
स्थितः स्थाणुरिवाभ्याशे निश्चेष्टो मारुताशनः ॥१३॥

13. bhaktaṁ pragṛhya mūrdhnā tadbāhubhyāṁ pārśvato'gamat ,
sthitaḥ sthāṇurivābhyāśe niśceṣṭo mārutāśanaḥ.

13. bhaktam pragṛhya mūrdhnā tadbāhubhyām pārśvataḥ agamat
sthitaḥ sthāṇuḥ iva abhyāśe niśceṣṭaḥ mārutāśanaḥ

13. Having taken the food (bhakta) on his head, he went to the side, supporting it with his two arms. He stood near, motionless like a tree-trunk, subsisting on air.

Words meanings summery:

• भक्तम् (bhaktam) - food (cooked rice, specifically the caru) (food, cooked rice)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having taken (respectfully) (having taken, having seized)

• मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - on his head (by the head, with the head, on the head)

• तद्बाहुभ्याम् (tadbāhubhyām) - with his two arms (referring to Viśvāmitra's arms, supporting the food) (with those two arms, with his two arms)

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - to the side, sideways (from the side, on the side, sideways)

• अगमत् (agamat) - went (went, moved)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remained standing (stood, remained, existing)

• स्थाणुः (sthāṇuḥ) - a tree-trunk (as a metaphor for immobility) (tree-trunk, post, pillar, immobile being)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अभ्याशे (abhyāśe) - near (to where he was previously standing) (near, in the vicinity, proximity)

• निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless (motionless, inert, without effort)

• मारुताशनः (mārutāśanaḥ) - subsisting on air (an ascetic practice indicating extreme austerity) (eating air, living on air)

Words meanings and morphology

भक्तम् (bhaktam) - food (cooked rice, specifically the caru) (food, cooked rice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - food, cooked rice, object of devotion, devotee

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhaj' (to divide, partake of) + 'kta' suffix; here used as a noun meaning 'food'

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having taken (respectfully) (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'pra' + root 'grah' (9th class) + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - on his head (by the head, with the head, on the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

Note: Indicates how the food was taken/carried.

तद्बाहुभ्याम् (tadbāhubhyām) - with his two arms (referring to Viśvāmitra's arms, supporting the food) (with those two arms, with his two arms)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of tadbāhu

tadbāhu - those arms; his arms

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tad+bāhu)

• tad – that, his
  pronoun (neuter)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - to the side, sideways (from the side, on the side, sideways)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'pārśva' (side) + suffix '-tas'

अगमत् (agamat) - went (went, moved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, root 'gam' (1st class)

Root: gam (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remained standing (stood, remained, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, remaining, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) + 'kta' suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Viśvāmitra.

स्थाणुः (sthāṇuḥ) - a tree-trunk (as a metaphor for immobility) (tree-trunk, post, pillar, immobile being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthāṇu

sthāṇu - pillar, post, trunk of a tree, immoveable, fixed; an epithet of Śiva

From root 'sthā' (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अभ्याशे (abhyāśe) - near (to where he was previously standing) (near, in the vicinity, proximity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhyāśa

abhyāśa - proximity, vicinity, nearness

Prefix: abhi

Root: aś

निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless (motionless, inert, without effort)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inert, inactive, without effort or stir

Compound of 'nis' (without) and 'ceṣṭā' (movement/effort)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ceṣṭā)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ceṣṭā – movement, action, effort
  noun (feminine)
  from root 'ceṣṭ' (to move, act)
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Viśvāmitra.

मारुताशनः (mārutāśanaḥ) - subsisting on air (an ascetic practice indicating extreme austerity) (eating air, living on air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārutāśana

mārutāśana - eating air, living on air (as an ascetic practice)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (māruta+aśana)

• māruta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  from 'marut' (wind)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  from root 'aś' (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with Viśvāmitra, highlighting his ascetic state.