महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-12, verse-30

अश्वैर्विनीतैर्जवनैस्तत्र तत्र समागतैः ।
तोषयामास नकुलो राजानं राजसत्तम ॥३०॥

30. aśvairvinītairjavanaistatra tatra samāgataiḥ ,
toṣayāmāsa nakulo rājānaṁ rājasattama.

30. aśvaiḥ vinītaiḥ javanaiḥ tatra tatra samāgataiḥ
toṣayām āsa nakulaḥ rājānam rājasattama

30. With well-trained, swift horses that he gathered from various places, Nakula pleased the king, who was the best among kings.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

• विनीतैः (vinītaiḥ) - by trained, disciplined (ones)

• जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - by swift, quick (ones)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• समागतैः (samāgataiḥ) - by gathered, assembled (ones)

• तोषयाम् (toṣayām) - having pleased (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - was (auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect)

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Virāṭa (the king (accusative))

• राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - the best of kings (an epithet for King Virāṭa) (O best of kings, best king)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

विनीतैः (vinītaiḥ) - by trained, disciplined (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vinīta

vinīta - trained, disciplined, well-behaved

Past Passive Participle

from vi + nī 'to lead'

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aśvaiḥ`.

जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - by swift, quick (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick, speedy

from root ju 'to move swiftly'

Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aśvaiḥ`.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

समागतैः (samāgataiḥ) - by gathered, assembled (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - come together, assembled, gathered

Past Passive Participle

from sam + ā + gam 'to come together'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aśvaiḥ`.

तोषयाम् (toṣayām) - having pleased (part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

Causative stem + ām (part of Periphrastic Perfect)

Causative stem: toṣaya-. With -ām for Periphrastic Perfect.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

आस (āsa) - was (auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd sg. Parasmaipada of as 'to be', used as auxiliary for periphrastic perfect.

Root: as (class 2)

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of 'toṣayām āsa'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Virāṭa (the king (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of 'toṣayām āsa'.

राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - the best of kings (an epithet for King Virāṭa) (O best of kings, best king)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best of kings

Compound of rājan and sattama (superlative of sat)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama added to 'sat' (good/existent)

Note: An epithet for King Virāṭa, here in the accusative case.