महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-12, verse-16

यदा सर्वे विमनसस्ते मल्ला हतचेतसः ।
अथ सूदेन तं मल्लं योधयामास मत्स्यराट् ॥१६॥

16. yadā sarve vimanasaste mallā hatacetasaḥ ,
atha sūdena taṁ mallaṁ yodhayāmāsa matsyarāṭ.

16. yadā sarve vimanasaḥ te mallāḥ hatacetasaḥ
atha sūdena tam mallam yodhayāmāsa matsyarāṭ

16. When all the wrestlers became disheartened and dejected, then the king of Matsya had his cook fight that wrestler.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - disheartened, dejected

• ते (te) - those

• मल्लाः (mallāḥ) - wrestlers

• हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - whose spirits are broken, dejected

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• सूदेन (sūdena) - by the cook

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• मल्लम् (mallam) - wrestler

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - caused to fight, made to fight

• मत्स्यराट् (matsyarāṭ) - king of Matsya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - disheartened, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimanas

vimanas - disheartened, dejected, depressed

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (vi+manas)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, spirit, heart
  noun (neuter)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

मल्लाः (mallāḥ) - wrestlers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of malla

malla - wrestler, strong man

हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - whose spirits are broken, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatacetas

hatacetas - whose mind/spirit is broken, dispirited, dejected

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (hata+cetas)

• hata – struck, killed, destroyed, broken
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetas – mind, spirit, intelligence
  noun (neuter)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

सूदेन (sūdena) - by the cook

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūda

sūda - cook, chef

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

मल्लम् (mallam) - wrestler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of malla

malla - wrestler, strong man

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - caused to fight, made to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of yodhaya

Causative verb

Causative stem from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

मत्स्यराट् (matsyarāṭ) - king of Matsya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsyarāj

matsyarāj - king of the Matsya kingdom

Compound type : Genitive Tatpurusha (matsya+rāj)

• matsya – fish; name of a kingdom/people
  noun (masculine)
• rāj – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)