महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-12, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एवं मत्स्यस्य नगरे वसन्तस्तत्र पाण्डवाः ।
अत ऊर्ध्वं महावीर्याः किमकुर्वन्त वै द्विज ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
evaṁ matsyasya nagare vasantastatra pāṇḍavāḥ ,
ata ūrdhvaṁ mahāvīryāḥ kimakurvanta vai dvija.

1. janamejaya uvāca evaṃ matsyasya nagare vasantaḥ tatra
pāṇḍavāḥ ataḥ ūrdhvaṃ mahāvīryāḥ kim akurvanta vai dvija

1. Janamejaya said: O twice-born one (dvija), while the mighty Pāṇḍavas were thus living in the city of Matsya, what did they do next?

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, so, in this manner

• मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of the Matsya king/kingdom (of Matsya, of the fish)

• नगरे (nagare) - in the city

• वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - living, dwelling, residing

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• अतः (ataḥ) - thereafter, subsequently (from this, hence, thereafter)

• ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṁ) - subsequently, next (upwards, above, after, subsequent)

• महावीर्याः (mahāvīryāḥ) - of great valor, mighty, heroic

• किम् (kim) - what (what?, why?, how?)

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Vaiśaṃpāyana (O twice-born one, O Brāhmaṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king of the Kuru dynasty, son of Parikṣit)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of the Matsya king/kingdom (of Matsya, of the fish)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish; the Matsya country or its inhabitants

नगरे (nagare) - in the city

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - living, dwelling, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasant

vasant - living, dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavāḥ

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

अतः (ataḥ) - thereafter, subsequently (from this, hence, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṁ) - subsequently, next (upwards, above, after, subsequent)

(indeclinable)

महावीर्याः (mahāvīryāḥ) - of great valor, mighty, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great strength, very powerful, heroic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism, power
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - what (what?, why?, how?)

(interrogative pronoun)

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect indicative (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Active

Root 'kṛ' (to do), imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

द्विज (dvija) - O Vaiśaṃpāyana (O twice-born one, O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, or Vaiśya); a bird; a tooth; a snake

Derived from 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)