महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-7, verse-16

सोऽनुमान्य नरश्रेष्ठान्पाण्डवान्कुरुनन्दनान् ।
नियोगाद्राजसिंहस्य गन्तुमर्हसि मानद ॥१६॥

16. so'numānya naraśreṣṭhānpāṇḍavānkurunandanān ,
niyogādrājasiṁhasya gantumarhasi mānada.

16. saḥ anumānya naraśreṣṭhān pāṇḍavān kurunandanān
| niyogāt rājasiṃhasya gantum arhasi mānada

16. Having obtained permission from those foremost among men, the Pāṇḍavas, O joy of the Kurus, you, O giver of honor, should go at the command of the lion among kings (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

16. הו נותן הכבוד, אחרי שתיפרד מבני פָּאנְדוּ, מיטב האנשים ואהובי בני קוּרוּ, עליך ללכת לפי פקודת המלך האריה.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (you, Sañjaya, implicitly the subject of the clause 'having obtained permission') (he, that)

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission (from them) (having permitted, having obtained permission, having shown respect)

• नरश्रेष्ठान् (naraśreṣṭhān) - those best among men (best among men, chief of men)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

• कुरुनन्दनान् (kurunandanān) - the delights of the Kurus (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (joys of the Kurus, delight of the Kurus)

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - at the command (from the command, by the order, by the appointment)

• राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion among kings (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of the lion among kings, of the best king)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, for going)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you (Sañjaya) should (you ought, you should, you deserve)

• मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (addressed to Sañjaya) (O giver of honor, O honorable one)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (you, Sañjaya, implicitly the subject of the clause 'having obtained permission') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission (from them) (having permitted, having obtained permission, having shown respect)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root mā (3rd class) with upasarga anu, with suffix -ya (after a prefix)

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: The meaning 'having obtained permission' best fits the context.

नरश्रेष्ठान् (naraśreṣṭhān) - those best among men (best among men, chief of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective

Note: Object of 'anumānya'.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pāṇḍu with suffix -a

Note: Appositive to 'naraśreṣṭhān'.

कुरुनन्दनान् (kurunandanān) - the delights of the Kurus (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (joys of the Kurus, delight of the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kurunandana

kurunandana - joy/delight of the Kurus, a Kuru prince

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – rejoicing, delighting, son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nand 'to rejoice'
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'pāṇḍavān'.

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - at the command (from the command, by the order, by the appointment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, order, appointment, injunction

Derived from root yuj with prefix ni

Root yuj (7th class) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion among kings (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of the lion among kings, of the best king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasiṃha

rājasiṁha - lion among kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+siṃha)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion, chief, eminent person
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'niyogāt'.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, for going)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root gam with suffix -tum

Root: gam (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you (Sañjaya) should (you ought, you should, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

Root arh (1st class) in present active 2nd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)

मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (addressed to Sañjaya) (O giver of honor, O honorable one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - giver of honor, bestowing respect

Compound type : tatpurusha (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride
  noun (masculine)
• da – giving, bestowing (as suffix)
  adjective
  Derived from root dā 'to give'
  Root: dā (class 3)

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