महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-234, verse-25

स वध्यमानस्तैरस्त्रैरर्जुनेन महात्मना ।
अथास्य दर्शयामास तदात्मानं प्रियः सखा ॥२५॥

25. sa vadhyamānastairastrairarjunena mahātmanā ,
athāsya darśayāmāsa tadātmānaṁ priyaḥ sakhā.

25. sa vadhyamānaḥ taiḥ astraiḥ arjunena mahātmanā
atha asya darśayāmāsa tadā ātmānam priyaḥ sakhā

25. Then, as he (the opponent) was being wounded by those weapons from the great-souled (mahātman) Arjuna, his dear friend (Citrasena) revealed his true self (ātman) to him (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to the opponent, Citrasena) (he, that)

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being wounded (being killed, being wounded)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (weapons) (by them, by those)

• अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by (Arjuna's) weapons (by weapons, by missiles)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Arjuna) (by the great-souled one)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अस्य (asya) - to him (Arjuna) (of him, his)

• दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he revealed (he showed, he caused to be seen)

• तदा (tadā) - (at) that (time) (then, at that time)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his true self (ātman) (self, soul)

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend (Citrasena) (friend, companion)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to the opponent, Citrasena) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was' or 'existed in that state'.

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being wounded (being killed, being wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being wounded

Present Passive Participle

From root `vadh` (to strike, kill) + `yamāna` suffix (pass. part. mid.).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the opponent.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (weapons) (by them, by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the weapons used by Arjuna.

अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by (Arjuna's) weapons (by weapons, by missiles)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of astra

astra - missile, weapon

Note: Instrument of wounding.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a hero of the Mahābhārata), white, silver

Note: Agent of the passive action 'being wounded'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Arjuna) (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted (often an epithet)

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ātman` (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `arjunena`.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - to him (Arjuna) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: In context, `asya` often takes the dative sense, 'to him'.

दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he revealed (he showed, he caused to be seen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, third person singular, Parasmaipada, Causative.

Causative stem `darśaya` (from root `dṛś`, class 1, with `ṇic` suffix) + reduplicated perfect suffix `āmāsa`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `priyaḥ sakhā`.

तदा (tadā) - (at) that (time) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from `tad`.

Note: Modifies `darśayāmāsa`.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his true self (ātman) (self, soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, breath

Note: Object of `darśayāmāsa`.

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, favorite

सखा (sakhā) - friend (Citrasena) (friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade