महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-227, verse-21

तथा कथयमानौ तौ घोषयात्राविनिश्चयम् ।
गान्धारराजः शकुनिः प्रत्युवाच हसन्निव ॥२१॥

21. tathā kathayamānau tau ghoṣayātrāviniścayam ,
gāndhārarājaḥ śakuniḥ pratyuvāca hasanniva.

21. tathā kathayamānau tau ghoṣayātrā viniścayam
gāndhāra rājaḥ śakuniḥ prati uvāca hasan iva

21. While they were thus discussing the decision regarding the cow-herding excursion (ghoṣayātrā), Śakuni, the king of Gandhāra, replied as if laughing.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• कथयमानौ (kathayamānau) - conversing, discussing, narrating (dual)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• घोषयात्रा (ghoṣayātrā) - cow-herding excursion

• विनिश्चयम् (viniścayam) - decision, determination

• गान्धार (gāndhāra) - Gandhara (region name)

• राजः (rājaḥ) - king

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (proper noun)

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

• उवाच (uvāca) - replied (when combined with 'prati') (spoke, said)

• हसन् (hasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

कथयमानौ (kathayamānau) - conversing, discussing, narrating (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kathayamāna

kathayamāna - discussing, narrating, speaking

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of the causative of root kath-.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Refers to the two persons who are discussing.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two subjects (Duryodhana and Karṇa from previous context).

घोषयात्रा (ghoṣayātrā) - cow-herding excursion

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghoṣayātrā

ghoṣayātrā - cow-herding excursion, visit to cow pastures, a pastoral journey

Compound of ghoṣa (cow-herding settlement) and yātrā (journey).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ghoṣa+yātrā)

• ghoṣa – cow-herding settlement, cow-herd
  noun (masculine)
• yātrā – journey, excursion, procession
  noun (feminine)
  From root yā- (to go).
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of a compound word 'ghoṣayātrāviniscayam'.

विनिश्चयम् (viniścayam) - decision, determination

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - decision, determination, certainty

From root ci- (to gather) with prefixes vi- and ni-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of 'kathayamānau'. Forms a compound 'ghoṣayātrāviniscaya'.

गान्धार (gāndhāra) - Gandhara (region name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gāndhāra

gāndhāra - Gandhāra (ancient kingdom)

Note: First part of the compound 'gāndhārarāja'.

राजः (rājaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject. Forms the compound 'gāndhārarāja'.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (name of a king)

Note: Subject in apposition to 'gāndhārarājaḥ'.

प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition, functions as an upasarga with 'uvāca' to form 'pratyuvāca' (replied).

उवाच (uvāca) - replied (when combined with 'prati') (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular of root vac-.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: When combined with 'prati', it forms 'pratyuvāca' (replied).

हसन् (hasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hasat

hasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root has-.

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Describes Śakuni's action.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.