महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-227, verse-18

ततो दुर्योधनं कर्णः प्रहसन्निदमब्रवीत् ।
उपायः परिदृष्टोऽयं तं निबोध जनेश्वर ॥१८॥

18. tato duryodhanaṁ karṇaḥ prahasannidamabravīt ,
upāyaḥ paridṛṣṭo'yaṁ taṁ nibodha janeśvara.

18. tataḥ duryodhanaṃ karṇaḥ prahasan idaṃ abravīt
upāyaḥ paridṛṣṭaḥ ayaṃ taṃ nibodha janeśvara

18. Then Karna, smiling, said this to Duryodhana: 'O lord of men, understand this plan that has been thoroughly devised!'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereafter.

• दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - To Duryodhana.

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name).

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - Smiling, laughing.

• इदं (idaṁ) - This.

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - He spoke, he said.

• उपायः (upāyaḥ) - Plan, means, device, remedy.

• परिदृष्टः (paridṛṣṭaḥ) - Observed, seen, devised, thoroughly seen.

• अयं (ayaṁ) - This.

• तं (taṁ) - That.

• निबोध (nibodha) - Understand, know, perceive.

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men, O king.

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereafter.

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' with the suffix 'tas'.

दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - To Duryodhana.

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name).

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Kunti and Surya), ear

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - Smiling, laughing.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - smiling, laughing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'has' (to laugh) with prefix 'pra' and suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इदं (idaṁ) - This.

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun stem)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - He spoke, he said.

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

उपायः (upāyaḥ) - Plan, means, device, remedy.

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - a means, expedient, device, plan, remedy

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

परिदृष्टः (paridṛṣṭaḥ) - Observed, seen, devised, thoroughly seen.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridṛṣṭa

paridṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, devised

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'pari' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अयं (ayaṁ) - This.

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun stem)

तं (taṁ) - That.

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun stem)

निबोध (nibodha) - Understand, know, perceive.

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men, O king.

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)