महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-205, verse-21

व्याध उवाच ।
अनतिक्रमणीया हि ब्राह्मणा वै द्विजोत्तम ।
शृणु सर्वमिदं वृत्तं पूर्वदेहे ममानघ ॥२१॥

21. vyādha uvāca ,
anatikramaṇīyā hi brāhmaṇā vai dvijottama ,
śṛṇu sarvamidaṁ vṛttaṁ pūrvadehe mamānagha.

21. vyādhaḥ uvāca anatikramaṇīyā hi brāhmaṇāḥ vai dvijottama
śṛṇu sarvam idam vṛttam pūrvadehe mama anagha

21. The fowler said, 'Indeed, Brahmins are not to be transgressed, O best among the twice-born. O sinless one, listen to this entire story of my past life.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - fowler, hunter

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनतिक्रमणीया (anatikramaṇīyā) - Refers to Brahmins being inviolable (not to be transgressed, not to be disregarded, inviolable)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement about Brahmins (indeed, certainly)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes the preceding statement (indeed, verily)

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - Addressing the Brahmin respectfully (O best among the twice-born (Brahmins))

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' (all, entire)

• इदम् (idam) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' (this)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - The fowler's life story (story, event, conduct, happening)

• पूर्वदेहे (pūrvadehe) - Refers to a past existence (saṃsāra) (in my former body)

• मम (mama) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' and 'pūrvadehe' (my, of me)

• अनघ (anagha) - Addressing the Brahmin (O sinless one)

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - fowler, hunter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - fowler, hunter

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, from root vac (2nd class irregular)

Root: vac (class 2)

अनतिक्रमणीया (anatikramaṇīyā) - Refers to Brahmins being inviolable (not to be transgressed, not to be disregarded, inviolable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anatikramaṇīya

anatikramaṇīya - not to be transgressed, inviolable

Gerundive

From a (negative) + ati (over) + kram (to step) + anīya (gerundive suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+atikramaṇīya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• atikramaṇīya – to be transgressed, violable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From ati (over) + kram (to step) + anīya (gerundive suffix)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies brāhmaṇāḥ

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement about Brahmins (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, priest, member of the priestly class

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'

वै (vai) - Emphasizes the preceding statement (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - Addressing the Brahmin respectfully (O best among the twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best among the twice-born

Compound of dvija (twice-born) and uttama (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, parasmaipada, from root śru (5th class)

Root: śru (class 5)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' (all, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with vṛttam

इदम् (idam) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with vṛttam

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - The fowler's life story (story, event, conduct, happening)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - event, story, conduct, past action

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, to happen)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of śṛṇu

पूर्वदेहे (pūrvadehe) - Refers to a past existence (saṃsāra) (in my former body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvadeha

pūrvadeha - former body, previous existence

Compound of pūrva (previous) and deha (body)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+deha)

• pūrva – previous, former, prior
  adjective
• deha – body, form
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 2)

मम (mama) - Qualifies 'vṛttam' and 'pūrvadehe' (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

अनघ (anagha) - Addressing the Brahmin (O sinless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

From a (negative) + nagha (sin)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nagha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nagha – sin, fault
  noun (masculine)