महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-205, verse-20

एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं तत्त्वेन हि महामते ।
कामया ब्रूहि मे तथ्यं सर्वं त्वं प्रयतात्मवान् ॥२०॥

20. etadicchāmi vijñātuṁ tattvena hi mahāmate ,
kāmayā brūhi me tathyaṁ sarvaṁ tvaṁ prayatātmavān.

20. etat icchāmi vijñātum tattvena hi mahāmate kāmayā
brūhi me tathyam sarvam tvam prayatātmavān

20. O great-minded one, I truly wish to understand this in its essence. Please eagerly tell me the entire truth, you who possess a disciplined mind.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the subject of discussion (this)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand fully

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the speaker's wish (indeed, certainly, because)

• महामते (mahāmate) - Used as a respectful address to the Brahmin (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

• कामया (kāmayā) - eagerly, with desire

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• तथ्यम् (tathyam) - truth, reality

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - Qualifies 'tathyam' (all, whole, entire)

• त्वम् (tvam) - Subject of 'brūhi' (you)

• प्रयतात्मवान् (prayatātmavān) - Qualifies 'tvam' (you) (one with a disciplined self/mind)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the subject of discussion (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

1st person singular, parasmaipada

Root: iṣ (class 6)

विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand fully

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from prefix vi + root jñā (9th class) + tum प्रत्यय

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, essence, principle

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the speaker's wish (indeed, certainly, because)

(indeclinable)

महामते (mahāmate) - Used as a respectful address to the Brahmin (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, intelligent, wise

From mahā (great) + mat (mind, intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)

कामया (kāmayā) - eagerly, with desire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love

Root: kam (class 1)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, parasmaipada, from root brū (2nd class)

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Enclitic form

तथ्यम् (tathyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tathya

tathya - true, real, truth, reality

सर्वम् (sarvam) - Qualifies 'tathyam' (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with tathyam

त्वम् (tvam) - Subject of 'brūhi' (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

प्रयतात्मवान् (prayatātmavān) - Qualifies 'tvam' (you) (one with a disciplined self/mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayatātmanvat

prayatātmanvat - having a controlled self (ātman), disciplined

Compound (prayatā-ātman) + possessive suffix -vat

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prayata+ātman)

• prayata – controlled, restrained, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra + yat (1st class) + kta प्रत्यय
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yat (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)