महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-18, verse-2

उच्छ्रित्य मकरं केतुं व्यात्ताननमलंकृतम् ।
उत्पतद्भिरिवाकाशं तैर्हयैरन्वयात्परान् ॥२॥

2. ucchritya makaraṁ ketuṁ vyāttānanamalaṁkṛtam ,
utpatadbhirivākāśaṁ tairhayairanvayātparān.

2. ucchritya makaram ketum vyāttānanam alaṅkṛtam
utpatadbhiḥ iva ākāśam taiḥ hayaiḥ anvayāt parān

2. Having raised his decorated banner (ketu) bearing the crocodile (makara) with its wide-open mouth, he pursued the enemies with those horses that seemed to leap into the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, having hoisted

• मकरम् (makaram) - Refers to the emblem on the banner. (crocodile, sea-monster)

• केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, standard

• व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - Describes the crocodile (makara) on the banner. (having a wide-open mouth)

• अलङ्कृतम् (alaṅkṛtam) - Describes the banner. (adorned, decorated)

• उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - Refers to the horses, seeming to leap into the sky. (by those leaping up)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space

• तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the horses. (by those)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - Pradyumna pursued the enemies. (he followed, he pursued)

• परान् (parān) - The enemies of the Yadavas. (enemies, opponents)

Words meanings and morphology

उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, having hoisted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ut-√śrī (to raise, lift up), often written with s + śr = cchr.

Prefix: ut

Root: śrī (class 1)

मकरम् (makaram) - Refers to the emblem on the banner. (crocodile, sea-monster)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of makara

makara - crocodile, sea-monster, a mythical creature, zodiac sign Capricorn

केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, standard, emblem, sign

व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - Describes the crocodile (makara) on the banner. (having a wide-open mouth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāttānana

vyāttānana - having an open mouth, wide-mouthed

Bahuvrīhi compound: vyātta (opened) + ānana (mouth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyātta+ānana)

• vyātta – opened, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-ā-√yam (to extend, open)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ānana – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

अलङ्कृतम् (alaṅkṛtam) - Describes the banner. (adorned, decorated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alaṅkṛta

alaṅkṛta - adorned, decorated, ornamented

Past Passive Participle

From alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn, decorate)

Prefix: alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - Refers to the horses, seeming to leap into the sky. (by those leaping up)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of utpatat

utpatat - leaping up, flying up, springing up

Present Active Participle

Instrumental plural masculine of present participle from ut-√pat (to fly up, to leap up)

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the horses. (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - Pradyumna pursued the enemies. (he followed, he pursued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anvi

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, imperfect indicative, parasmaipada of anu-√i (to go)

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

परान् (parān) - The enemies of the Yadavas. (enemies, opponents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, hostile, enemy

Here used as a noun meaning 'enemies'.