महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-18, verse-2

उच्छ्रित्य मकरं केतुं व्यात्ताननमलंकृतम् ।
उत्पतद्भिरिवाकाशं तैर्हयैरन्वयात्परान् ॥२॥

2. ucchritya makaraṁ ketuṁ vyāttānanamalaṁkṛtam ,
utpatadbhirivākāśaṁ tairhayairanvayātparān.

2. ucchritya makaram ketum vyāttānanam alaṅkṛtam
utpatadbhiḥ iva ākāśam taiḥ hayaiḥ anvayāt parān

2. Having raised his decorated banner (ketu) bearing the crocodile (makara) with its wide-open mouth, he pursued the enemies with those horses that seemed to leap into the sky.

2. הרים את דגל המקרה הפעור הפה והמקושט, ורדף אחרי האויבים בסוסיו, כאילו הם מזנקים אל השמיים.

Words meanings summery:

• उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, having hoisted

• मकरम् (makaram) - Refers to the emblem on the banner. (crocodile, sea-monster)

• केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, standard

• व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - Describes the crocodile (makara) on the banner. (having a wide-open mouth)

• अलङ्कृतम् (alaṅkṛtam) - Describes the banner. (adorned, decorated)

• उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - Refers to the horses, seeming to leap into the sky. (by those leaping up)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space

• तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the horses. (by those)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - Pradyumna pursued the enemies. (he followed, he pursued)

• परान् (parān) - The enemies of the Yadavas. (enemies, opponents)

Words meanings and morphology

उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, having hoisted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ut-√śrī (to raise, lift up), often written with s + śr = cchr.

Prefix: ut

Root: śrī (class 1)

मकरम् (makaram) - Refers to the emblem on the banner. (crocodile, sea-monster)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of makara

makara - crocodile, sea-monster, a mythical creature, zodiac sign Capricorn

केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, standard, emblem, sign

व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - Describes the crocodile (makara) on the banner. (having a wide-open mouth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāttānana

vyāttānana - having an open mouth, wide-mouthed

Bahuvrīhi compound: vyātta (opened) + ānana (mouth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyātta+ānana)

• vyātta – opened, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-ā-√yam (to extend, open)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ānana – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

अलङ्कृतम् (alaṅkṛtam) - Describes the banner. (adorned, decorated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alaṅkṛta

alaṅkṛta - adorned, decorated, ornamented

Past Passive Participle

From alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn, decorate)

Prefix: alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - Refers to the horses, seeming to leap into the sky. (by those leaping up)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of utpatat

utpatat - leaping up, flying up, springing up

Present Active Participle

Instrumental plural masculine of present participle from ut-√pat (to fly up, to leap up)

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the horses. (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - Pradyumna pursued the enemies. (he followed, he pursued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anvi

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, imperfect indicative, parasmaipada of anu-√i (to go)

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

परान् (parān) - The enemies of the Yadavas. (enemies, opponents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, hostile, enemy

Here used as a noun meaning 'enemies'.

Previous Verse Next Verse