महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-174, verse-5

वनानि रम्याणि सरांसि नद्यो गुहा गिरीणां गिरिगह्वराणि ।
एते निवासाः सततं बभूवुर्निशानिशं प्राप्य नरर्षभाणाम् ॥५॥

5. vanāni ramyāṇi sarāṁsi nadyo; guhā girīṇāṁ girigahvarāṇi ,
ete nivāsāḥ satataṁ babhūvu;rniśāniśaṁ prāpya nararṣabhāṇām.

5. vanāni ramyāṇi sarāṃsi nadyaḥ
guhā girīṇām giri-gahvarāṇi |
ete nivāsāḥ satataṃ babhūvuḥ
niśā-niśam prāpya nara-ṛṣabhāṇām

5. Charming forests, serene lakes, flowing rivers, mountain caves, and deep ravines of the mountains – these constantly served as the dwelling places of those finest among men, night after night.

Words meanings summery:

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

• रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - charming, delightful, beautiful

• सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

• नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

• गुहा (guhā) - cave, cavern

• गिरीणाम् (girīṇām) - of the mountains

• गिरि-गह्वराणि (giri-gahvarāṇi) - mountain caverns, ravines

• एते (ete) - these

• निवासाः (nivāsāḥ) - dwellings, abodes, residences

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

• निशा-निशम् (niśā-niśam) - night after night, every night

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

• नर-ऋषभाणाम् (nara-ṛṣabhāṇām) - of the best of men, of the excellent men

Words meanings and morphology

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood

रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - charming, delightful, beautiful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ramya

ramya - charming, delightful, beautiful

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

From root ram (to delight, play), suffix -ya.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vanāni'.

सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of saras

saras - lake, pond

नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

गुहा (guhā) - cave, cavern

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern

Note: Often singular but here implies multiple caves.

गिरीणाम् (girīṇām) - of the mountains

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Connected to 'guhā' and 'giri-gahvarāṇi'.

गिरि-गह्वराणि (giri-gahvarāṇi) - mountain caverns, ravines

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of girigahvara

girigahvara - mountain cavern, mountain ravine

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+gahvara)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• gahvara – cavern, abyss, deep recess
  noun (neuter)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the places listed.

निवासाः (nivāsāḥ) - dwellings, abodes, residences

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivāsa

nivāsa - dwelling, abode, residence

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect Tense (Lit)

3rd person plural, perfect active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

निशा-निशम् (niśā-niśam) - night after night, every night

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (niśā+niśā)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate frequency.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (lyap)

From verb 'pra-āp' (to reach, obtain), suffix -ya with upasarga.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

नर-ऋषभाणाम् (nara-ṛṣabhāṇām) - of the best of men, of the excellent men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men, excellent man

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)