महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-167, verse-18

ततः संपीड्यमानास्ते क्रोधाविष्टा महासुराः ।
अपीडयन्मां सहिताः शरशूलासिवृष्टिभिः ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ saṁpīḍyamānāste krodhāviṣṭā mahāsurāḥ ,
apīḍayanmāṁ sahitāḥ śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭibhiḥ.

18. tataḥ saṃpīḍyamānāḥ te krodhāviṣṭāḥ mahāsurāḥ
apīḍayan mām sahitāḥ śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭibhiḥ

18. Then those great asuras, being afflicted and enraged, collectively tormented me with showers of arrows, spears, and swords.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then (from that, then, thereafter)

• संपीड्यमानाः (saṁpīḍyamānāḥ) - being afflicted (being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted)

• ते (te) - those (asuras) (those, they)

• क्रोधाविष्टाः (krodhāviṣṭāḥ) - enraged (enraged, filled with anger, furious)

• महासुराः (mahāsurāḥ) - great asuras (great asuras, mighty demons)

• अपीडयन् (apīḍayan) - they tormented (they tormented, they oppressed)

• माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me)

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - collectively (or together) (united, accompanied, together)

• शरशूलासिवृष्टिभिः (śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows, spears, and swords

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then (from that, then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad + suffix tas

संपीड्यमानाः (saṁpīḍyamānāḥ) - being afflicted (being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃpīḍyamāna

saṁpīḍyamāna - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root √pīḍ (10th class, 'to oppress, torment') with prefix sam-, in passive voice.

Prefix: sam

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: modifying mahāsurāḥ

ते (te) - those (asuras) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

क्रोधाविष्टाः (krodhāviṣṭāḥ) - enraged (enraged, filled with anger, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krodhāviṣṭa

krodhāviṣṭa - filled with anger, enraged, furious

Compound of krodha (anger) and āviṣṭa (entered, seized, possessed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+āviṣṭa)

• krodha – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √krudh 'to be angry'
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• āviṣṭa – entered, seized, possessed, pervaded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √viś (6th class, 'to enter') with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: modifying mahāsurāḥ

महासुराः (mahāsurāḥ) - great asuras (great asuras, mighty demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāsura

mahāsura - great demon, mighty asura

Compound of mahā (great) and asura (demon).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+asura)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahant, used as first part of compound
• asura – demon, titan, anti-god
  noun (masculine)

अपीडयन् (apīḍayan) - they tormented (they tormented, they oppressed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apīḍ

Imperfect

Imperfect third person plural of √pīḍ (10th class, 'to oppress, torment') with augment a-

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - collectively (or together) (united, accompanied, together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - united, joined, accompanied, together, along with

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sa (with) and root hi (to go, to move), or sah (to endure). Often interpreted as sa- + hita (placed, joined).

Note: modifying mahāsurāḥ

शरशूलासिवृष्टिभिः (śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows, spears, and swords

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭi

śaraśūlāsivṛṣṭi - a shower of arrows, spears, and swords

Compound of śara (arrow), śūla (spear), asi (sword), and vṛṣṭi (rain, shower).

Compound type : dvandva (śara+śūla+asi+vṛṣṭi)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śūla – spear, pike, dart
  noun (masculine)
• asi – sword, scimitar
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower, downfall
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vṛṣ 'to rain'
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)