महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-167, verse-1

अर्जुन उवाच ।
ततो निवातकवचाः सर्वे वेगेन भारत ।
अभ्यद्रवन्मां सहिताः प्रगृहीतायुधा रणे ॥१॥

1. arjuna uvāca ,
tato nivātakavacāḥ sarve vegena bhārata ,
abhyadravanmāṁ sahitāḥ pragṛhītāyudhā raṇe.

1. arjuna uvāca tataḥ nivātakavacāḥ sarve vegena
bhārata abhyadravan mām sahitāḥ pragṛhītāyudhāḥ raṇe

1. Arjuna said: Then, O Bhārata, all the Nivātakavacas, having united and taken up their weapons, swiftly rushed towards me in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

• निवातकवचाः (nivātakavacāḥ) - the Nivātakavacas (demons) (the Nivātakavacas (a class of demons), those with impenetrable armor)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

• वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards (they ran towards, they rushed towards)

• माम् (mām) - me

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, together (united, accompanied, together)

• प्रगृहीतायुधाः (pragṛhītāyudhāḥ) - having taken up weapons (having taken up weapons, with weapons seized)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

निवातकवचाः (nivātakavacāḥ) - the Nivātakavacas (demons) (the Nivātakavacas (a class of demons), those with impenetrable armor)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivātakavaca

nivātakavaca - the Nivātakavacas (a class of powerful demons), one whose armor is impenetrable to wind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nivāta+kavaca)

• nivāta – windless, impenetrable (by wind)
  adjective
  na + vāta (wind)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vā (class 2)
• kavaca – armor, mail
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to a specific group of demons.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij (class 7)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards (they ran towards, they rushed towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dram

Imperfect Active

root 'dram' (1st class), imperfect tense, 3rd person plural with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: dram (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, together (united, accompanied, together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, united, together with

Past Passive Participle

from 'sa' (with) + root 'dhā' (to place) -> 'hita' (placed) - so 'placed with'

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'nivātakavacāḥ' and 'sarve'.

प्रगृहीतायुधाः (pragṛhītāyudhāḥ) - having taken up weapons (having taken up weapons, with weapons seized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pragṛhītāyudha

pragṛhītāyudha - having taken up weapons, armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pragṛhīta+āyudha)

• pragṛhīta – taken up, seized, held
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from prefix 'pra' + root 'grah' (to seize)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nivātakavacāḥ' and 'sarve'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)