महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-133, verse-9

अष्टावक्र उवाच ।
न ज्ञायते कायवृद्ध्या विवृद्धिर्यथाष्ठीला शाल्मलेः संप्रवृद्धा ।
ह्रस्वोऽल्पकायः फलितो विवृद्धो यश्चाफलस्तस्य न वृद्धभावः ॥९॥

9. aṣṭāvakra uvāca ,
na jñāyate kāyavṛddhyā vivṛddhi;ryathāṣṭhīlā śālmaleḥ saṁpravṛddhā ,
hrasvo'lpakāyaḥ phalito vivṛddho; yaścāphalastasya na vṛddhabhāvaḥ.

9. aṣṭāvakra uvāca | na jñāyate kāyavṛddhyā
vivṛddhiḥ yathā aṣṭhīlā śālmaleḥ saṃpravṛddhā
| hrasvaḥ alpakāyaḥ phalitaḥ
vivṛddhaḥ yaḥ ca aphalaḥ tasya na vṛddhabhāvaḥ

9. Aṣṭāvakra said: True development is not determined by an increase in physical size, just as the mere growth of a large, knotty stump (aṣṭhīlā) of a silk-cotton tree doesn't represent its true vitality. One who is short and small-bodied, but fruitful, is truly grown; whereas for one who is unfruitful, there is no real state of growth.

9. אַשְׁטָאוַקְרַה אמר: אין מכירים בגדילה לפי גודל הגוף, כמו הגוש שהתנפח על עץ השָׁאלְמַלִי. מי שקטן וקצר קומה אך נושא פרי, הוא הגדול באמת, ומי שאין לו פרי, אין לו מעמד של גדול.

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage speaking) (Aṣṭāvakra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is recognized, is understood

• कायवृद्ध्या (kāyavṛddhyā) - by physical growth, by increase in body size

• विवृद्धिः (vivṛddhiḥ) - true growth or development (not just physical) (growth, development, increase)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

• अष्ठीला (aṣṭhīlā) - a large, knotty stump or protuberance (stump, knot, stone, tumor)

• शाल्मलेः (śālmaleḥ) - of a silk-cotton tree

• संप्रवृद्धा (saṁpravṛddhā) - extensively grown (physically large) (fully grown, extensively developed, greatly increased)

• ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little

• अल्पकायः (alpakāyaḥ) - small-bodied, having a small body

• फलितः (phalitaḥ) - fruitful (in terms of wisdom or good deeds) (fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished)

• विवृद्धः (vivṛddhaḥ) - truly developed or mature (in wisdom) (truly grown, well-developed, great)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• अफलः (aphalaḥ) - unfruitful (lacking wisdom or good deeds) (unfruitful, useless, barren, without result)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him, his

• न (na) - not, no

• वृद्धभावः (vṛddhabhāvaḥ) - state of true growth or development (state of growth, state of being developed, maturity, old age)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage speaking) (Aṣṭāvakra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭāvakra

aṣṭāvakra - Aṣṭāvakra (name of a sage, meaning 'one bent in eight places')

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is recognized, is understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of jñāyate

Present Passive

3rd person singular passive present of root jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कायवृद्ध्या (kāyavṛddhyā) - by physical growth, by increase in body size

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāyavṛddhi

kāyavṛddhi - growth of the body, physical growth, bodily increase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāya+vṛddhi)

• kāya – body, physical form, collection
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, development, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛdh

विवृद्धिः (vivṛddhiḥ) - true growth or development (not just physical) (growth, development, increase)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vivṛddhi

vivṛddhi - growth, development, increase, prosperity

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

(indeclinable)

अष्ठीला (aṣṭhīlā) - a large, knotty stump or protuberance (stump, knot, stone, tumor)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aṣṭhīlā

aṣṭhīlā - a hard knot, a stump, a stone, a tumor, a large protuberance

शाल्मलेः (śālmaleḥ) - of a silk-cotton tree

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śālmalī

śālmalī - silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba)

संप्रवृद्धा (saṁpravṛddhā) - extensively grown (physically large) (fully grown, extensively developed, greatly increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃpravṛddha

saṁpravṛddha - fully grown, greatly increased, well developed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, little, dwarfish

अल्पकायः (alpakāyaḥ) - small-bodied, having a small body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpakāya

alpakāya - small-bodied, of small size, insignificant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+kāya)

• alpa – small, little, few, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)
• kāya – body, physical form, collection
  noun (masculine)

फलितः (phalitaḥ) - fruitful (in terms of wisdom or good deeds) (fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalita

phalita - fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished, having results

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root phal

Root: phal (class 1)

विवृद्धः (vivṛddhaḥ) - truly developed or mature (in wisdom) (truly grown, well-developed, great)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivṛddha

vivṛddha - grown, increased, developed, great, mature

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अफलः (aphalaḥ) - unfruitful (lacking wisdom or good deeds) (unfruitful, useless, barren, without result)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aphala

aphala - unfruitful, barren, useless, without result

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal

तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वृद्धभावः (vṛddhabhāvaḥ) - state of true growth or development (state of growth, state of being developed, maturity, old age)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddhabhāva

vṛddhabhāva - state of growth, state of being old, maturity, condition of increase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+bhāva)

• vṛddha – grown, old, developed, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū

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