महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-133, verse-9

अष्टावक्र उवाच ।
न ज्ञायते कायवृद्ध्या विवृद्धिर्यथाष्ठीला शाल्मलेः संप्रवृद्धा ।
ह्रस्वोऽल्पकायः फलितो विवृद्धो यश्चाफलस्तस्य न वृद्धभावः ॥९॥

9. aṣṭāvakra uvāca ,
na jñāyate kāyavṛddhyā vivṛddhi;ryathāṣṭhīlā śālmaleḥ saṁpravṛddhā ,
hrasvo'lpakāyaḥ phalito vivṛddho; yaścāphalastasya na vṛddhabhāvaḥ.

9. aṣṭāvakra uvāca | na jñāyate kāyavṛddhyā
vivṛddhiḥ yathā aṣṭhīlā śālmaleḥ saṃpravṛddhā
| hrasvaḥ alpakāyaḥ phalitaḥ
vivṛddhaḥ yaḥ ca aphalaḥ tasya na vṛddhabhāvaḥ

9. Aṣṭāvakra said: True development is not determined by an increase in physical size, just as the mere growth of a large, knotty stump (aṣṭhīlā) of a silk-cotton tree doesn't represent its true vitality. One who is short and small-bodied, but fruitful, is truly grown; whereas for one who is unfruitful, there is no real state of growth.

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage speaking) (Aṣṭāvakra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is recognized, is understood

• कायवृद्ध्या (kāyavṛddhyā) - by physical growth, by increase in body size

• विवृद्धिः (vivṛddhiḥ) - true growth or development (not just physical) (growth, development, increase)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

• अष्ठीला (aṣṭhīlā) - a large, knotty stump or protuberance (stump, knot, stone, tumor)

• शाल्मलेः (śālmaleḥ) - of a silk-cotton tree

• संप्रवृद्धा (saṁpravṛddhā) - extensively grown (physically large) (fully grown, extensively developed, greatly increased)

• ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little

• अल्पकायः (alpakāyaḥ) - small-bodied, having a small body

• फलितः (phalitaḥ) - fruitful (in terms of wisdom or good deeds) (fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished)

• विवृद्धः (vivṛddhaḥ) - truly developed or mature (in wisdom) (truly grown, well-developed, great)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• अफलः (aphalaḥ) - unfruitful (lacking wisdom or good deeds) (unfruitful, useless, barren, without result)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him, his

• न (na) - not, no

• वृद्धभावः (vṛddhabhāvaḥ) - state of true growth or development (state of growth, state of being developed, maturity, old age)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage speaking) (Aṣṭāvakra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭāvakra

aṣṭāvakra - Aṣṭāvakra (name of a sage, meaning 'one bent in eight places')

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is recognized, is understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of jñāyate

Present Passive

3rd person singular passive present of root jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कायवृद्ध्या (kāyavṛddhyā) - by physical growth, by increase in body size

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāyavṛddhi

kāyavṛddhi - growth of the body, physical growth, bodily increase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāya+vṛddhi)

• kāya – body, physical form, collection
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, development, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛdh

विवृद्धिः (vivṛddhiḥ) - true growth or development (not just physical) (growth, development, increase)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vivṛddhi

vivṛddhi - growth, development, increase, prosperity

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

(indeclinable)

अष्ठीला (aṣṭhīlā) - a large, knotty stump or protuberance (stump, knot, stone, tumor)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aṣṭhīlā

aṣṭhīlā - a hard knot, a stump, a stone, a tumor, a large protuberance

शाल्मलेः (śālmaleḥ) - of a silk-cotton tree

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śālmalī

śālmalī - silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba)

संप्रवृद्धा (saṁpravṛddhā) - extensively grown (physically large) (fully grown, extensively developed, greatly increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃpravṛddha

saṁpravṛddha - fully grown, greatly increased, well developed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, little, dwarfish

अल्पकायः (alpakāyaḥ) - small-bodied, having a small body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpakāya

alpakāya - small-bodied, of small size, insignificant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+kāya)

• alpa – small, little, few, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)
• kāya – body, physical form, collection
  noun (masculine)

फलितः (phalitaḥ) - fruitful (in terms of wisdom or good deeds) (fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalita

phalita - fruitful, bearing fruit, successful, accomplished, having results

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root phal

Root: phal (class 1)

विवृद्धः (vivṛddhaḥ) - truly developed or mature (in wisdom) (truly grown, well-developed, great)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivṛddha

vivṛddha - grown, increased, developed, great, mature

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अफलः (aphalaḥ) - unfruitful (lacking wisdom or good deeds) (unfruitful, useless, barren, without result)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aphala

aphala - unfruitful, barren, useless, without result

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal

तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वृद्धभावः (vṛddhabhāvaḥ) - state of true growth or development (state of growth, state of being developed, maturity, old age)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddhabhāva

vṛddhabhāva - state of growth, state of being old, maturity, condition of increase

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+bhāva)

• vṛddha – grown, old, developed, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū