महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-133, verse-12

न हायनैर्न पलितैर्न वित्तेन न बन्धुभिः ।
ऋषयश्चक्रिरे धर्मं योऽनूचानः स नो महान् ॥१२॥

12. na hāyanairna palitairna vittena na bandhubhiḥ ,
ṛṣayaścakrire dharmaṁ yo'nūcānaḥ sa no mahān.

12. na hāyanaiḥ na palitaiḥ na vittena na bandhubhiḥ |
ṛṣayaḥ cakrire dharmam yaḥ anūcānaḥ saḥ naḥ mahān

12. One is not (considered great) by years, nor by grey hairs, nor by wealth, nor by relatives. The sages (ṛṣi) established this fundamental principle (dharma): that one who is thoroughly learned (anūcāna) is considered great among us.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years

• न (na) - not, no

• पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by grey hairs, by hoariness

• न (na) - not, no

• वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by riches

• न (na) - not, no

• बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen, by friends

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers, inspired poets

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - a fundamental principle or rule for conduct/recognition (principle, natural law, righteousness, duty)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - learned, one who has studied the Vedas

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our, among us

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty, noble

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of hāyana

hāyana - year, annual, yearly

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by grey hairs, by hoariness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of palita

palita - grey, hoary, white-haired

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root pal (to become grey), used as a noun for 'grey hairs'

Root: pal (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by riches

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vitta

vitta - wealth, property, riches, gain, acquired

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vid (to find, acquire), used as a noun

Root: vid (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen, by friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend, connection

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers, inspired poets

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage (ṛṣi), seer, inspired poet, Vedic hymn composer

Root: ṛṣ

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of cakrire

Perfect

3rd person plural middle perfect of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - a fundamental principle or rule for conduct/recognition (principle, natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - learned, one who has studied the Vedas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anūcāna

anūcāna - learned, one who has studied the Vedas, highly educated, proficient

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle derived from anu-√vac (to repeat, study, teach), referring to one who has thoroughly studied sacred texts.

Prefix: anu

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our, among us

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Enclitic form of the pronoun asmad, functioning as dative/genitive plural.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, noble, eminent