महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-133, verse-10

द्वारपाल उवाच ।
वृद्धेभ्य एवेह मतिं स्म बाला गृह्णन्ति कालेन भवन्ति वृद्धाः ।
न हि ज्ञानमल्पकालेन शक्यं कस्माद्बालो वृद्ध इवावभाषसे ॥१०॥

10. dvārapāla uvāca ,
vṛddhebhya eveha matiṁ sma bālā; gṛhṇanti kālena bhavanti vṛddhāḥ ,
na hi jñānamalpakālena śakyaṁ; kasmādbālo vṛddha ivāvabhāṣase.

10. dvārapāla uvāca | vṛddhebhyaḥ eva iha
matim sma bālāḥ gṛhṇanti kālena bhavanti
vṛddhāḥ | na hi jñānam alpakālena
śakyam kasmāt bālaḥ vṛddhaḥ iva avabhāṣase

10. The doorkeeper said: Here, indeed, children (bālāḥ) gain wisdom from elders, and in due course, they become elders themselves. Knowledge is certainly not attainable in a short time. Why do you, a child, speak as if you were an elder?

Words meanings summery:

• द्वारपाल (dvārapāla) - The doorkeeper of King Janaka's court (doorkeeper, gatekeeper)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhebhyaḥ) - from elders, to elders, for elders

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• मतिम् (matim) - wisdom, understanding, mind, intellect

• स्म (sma) - indicates a general truth or established practice ((particle for past tense or emphasis))

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, youngsters, boys

• गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - they receive, they grasp, they take

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, in course of time

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, grown

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• अल्पकालेन (alpakālena) - in a short time, quickly

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, feasible, capable

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

• बालः (bālaḥ) - child, youngster, boy

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elder, old person, grown

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अवभाषसे (avabhāṣase) - you speak (like an elder) (you speak, you shine forth)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वारपाल (dvārapāla) - The doorkeeper of King Janaka's court (doorkeeper, gatekeeper)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvārapāla

dvārapāla - doorkeeper, gatekeeper

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvāra+pāla)

• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhebhyaḥ) - from elders, to elders, for elders

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old person, elder, grown, aged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh, used as a noun

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

मतिम् (matim) - wisdom, understanding, mind, intellect

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, intellect, thought, wisdom, counsel, opinion

Root: man

स्म (sma) - indicates a general truth or established practice ((particle for past tense or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, youngsters, boys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young man, inexperienced person, ignorant person

गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - they receive, they grasp, they take

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of gṛhṇanti

Present

3rd person plural active present of root grah

Root: grah (class 9)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, with time, in course of time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, duration

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhavanti

Present

3rd person plural active present of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, grown

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old person, elder, grown, aged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh, used as a noun

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge (jñāna), wisdom, intelligence, understanding

Root: jñā

अल्पकालेन (alpakālena) - in a short time, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpakāla

alpakāla - short time, brief period

Compound type : karmadhāraya (alpa+kāla)

• alpa – small, little, few, short
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, feasible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, feasible, able to be done, capable

Gerundive

Potential passive participle (gerundive) of root śak

Root: śak (class 5)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim, used adverbially

बालः (bālaḥ) - child, youngster, boy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young man, inexperienced person, ignorant person

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elder, old person, grown

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old person, elder, grown, aged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh, used as a noun

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अवभाषसे (avabhāṣase) - you speak (like an elder) (you speak, you shine forth)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of avabhāṣase

Present

2nd person singular middle present of root bhāṣ with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)