महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-113, verse-16

स वै श्रान्तः क्षुधितः काश्यपस्तान्घोषान्समासादितवान्समृद्धान् ।
गोपैश्च तैर्विधिवत्पूज्यमानो राजेव तां रात्रिमुवास तत्र ॥१६॥

16. sa vai śrāntaḥ kṣudhitaḥ kāśyapastā;nghoṣānsamāsāditavānsamṛddhān ,
gopaiśca tairvidhivatpūjyamāno; rājeva tāṁ rātrimuvāsa tatra.

16. saḥ vai śrāntaḥ kṣudhitaḥ kāśyapaḥ
tān ghoṣān samāsāditavān samṛddhān
gopaiḥ ca taiḥ vidhivat pūjyamānaḥ
rājā iva tām rātrim uvāsa tatra

16. Indeed, that exhausted and hungry Kāśyapa reached those prosperous cowherd settlements (ghoṣa). Honored ritualistically by those cowherds, he stayed there that night like a king.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kāśyapa) (he, that)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted (tired, exhausted, weary)

• क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - hungry (hungry, famished)

• काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - the sage Kāśyapa (a descendant of Kaśyapa, name of a sage)

• तान् (tān) - those (cowherd settlements) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cowherd settlements (ghoṣa) (cowherd settlements, clamors, sounds)

• समासादितवान् (samāsāditavān) - he reached (he reached, he attained, he acquired)

• समृद्धान् (samṛddhān) - prosperous (prosperous, abundant, rich)

• गोपैः (gopaiḥ) - by the cowherds (by cowherds)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (cowherds) (by those (masculine/neuter instrumental plural))

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - ritualistically (according to rule, properly, ritualistically)

• पूज्यमानः (pūjyamānaḥ) - being honored (being honored, being worshipped)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine accusative singular))

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• उवास (uvāsa) - stayed (stayed, dwelt, resided)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the cowherd settlement) (there, in that place)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Kāśyapa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted (tired, exhausted, weary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted, rested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śram (to be weary) with suffix -kta

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `kāśyapaḥ`.

क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - hungry (hungry, famished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣudh (to be hungry) with suffix -kta

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `kāśyapaḥ`.

काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - the sage Kāśyapa (a descendant of Kaśyapa, name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - descendant of Kaśyapa, a class of sages

Note: Main subject.

तान् (tān) - those (cowherd settlements) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `ghoṣān`.

घोषान् (ghoṣān) - cowherd settlements (ghoṣa) (cowherd settlements, clamors, sounds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - sound, noise, clamor, cowherd settlement (ghoṣa)

Note: Object of `samāsāditavān`.

समासादितवान् (samāsāditavān) - he reached (he reached, he attained, he acquired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāsāditavat

samāsāditavat - reached, attained, acquired

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam-ā- and suffix -tavat

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb.

समृद्धान् (samṛddhān) - prosperous (prosperous, abundant, rich)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samṛddha

samṛddha - prosperous, rich, abundant, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛdh (to prosper) with prefix sam- and suffix -kta

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `ghoṣān`.

गोपैः (gopaiḥ) - by the cowherds (by cowherds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gopa

gopa - cowherd, herdsman, protector

Note: Agent of `pūjyamānaḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (cowherds) (by those (masculine/neuter instrumental plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `gopaiḥ`.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - ritualistically (according to rule, properly, ritualistically)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `pūjyamānaḥ`.

पूज्यमानः (pūjyamānaḥ) - being honored (being honored, being worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūjyamāna

pūjyamāna - being honored, being worshipped

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root pūj (to honor, worship) with passive suffix -yamāna

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `kāśyapaḥ`.

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: First part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for simile.

ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `rātrim`.

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Object of duration of action `uvāsa`.

उवास (uvāsa) - stayed (stayed, dwelt, resided)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vas

Perfect

Root vas (to dwell), 3rd person singular, perfect tense

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the cowherd settlement) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb.