महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-5

कथं द्वादश वर्षाणि वने तेषां महात्मनाम् ।
व्यतीयुर्ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ शूराणामरिघातिनाम् ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ dvādaśa varṣāṇi vane teṣāṁ mahātmanām ,
vyatīyurbrāhmaṇaśreṣṭha śūrāṇāmarighātinām.

5. kathaṃ dvādaśa varṣāṇi vane teṣām mahātmanām
vyatīyuḥ brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha śūrāṇām arighātinām

5. O best among Brahmins, how did twelve years pass for those great-souled heroes, the destroyers of enemies, while they were in the forest?

5. הו מצטיין הבְּרַהְמִינים, כיצד עברו שתים עשרה שנים ביער על אלה הנעלים, הגיבורים, מכלי האויבים?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what way

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wood)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (Pandavas) (of those)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled (mahātman) ones (Pandavas) (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

• व्यतीयुः (vyatīyuḥ) - (how) did they (the years) pass (they passed, elapsed)

• ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ (brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha) - O best among Brahmins (referring to Janamejaya or a specific Brahmin interlocutor) (O best among Brahmins)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of the heroes (Pandavas) (of the heroes, of the brave ones)

• अरिघातिनाम् (arighātinām) - of the destroyers of enemies (Pandavas) (of the destroyers of enemies, of the slayer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral adjective
• daśan – ten
  numeral adjective

Note: Acts as an adjective, agreeing with varṣāṇi.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

(noun)

neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season, rain

from vṛṣ (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (Pandavas) (of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Masculine plural genitive, referring to the Pandavas.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled (mahātman) ones (Pandavas) (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `teṣām`, referring to the Pandavas.

व्यतीयुः (vyatīyuḥ) - (how) did they (the years) pass (they passed, elapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyatī

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The subject for this verb is `varṣāṇi` (years).

ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ (brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha) - O best among Brahmins (referring to Janamejaya or a specific Brahmin interlocutor) (O best among Brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha

brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha - best among Brahmins

Compound type : tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+śreṣṭha)

• brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, one belonging to the Brahmin class
  noun (masculine)
  from brahman
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of the heroes (Pandavas) (of the heroes, of the brave ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous

Note: Agrees with `teṣām` and `mahātmanām`.

अरिघातिनाम् (arighātinām) - of the destroyers of enemies (Pandavas) (of the destroyers of enemies, of the slayer of foes)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of arighātin

arighātin - destroyer of enemies

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (ari+ghātin)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ghātin – slayer, killer, destroyer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root han (to strike/slay) with suffix -in
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `teṣām`, `mahātmanām`, and `śūrāṇām`.

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