महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-31

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धन्या वयं यदस्माकं स्नेहकारुण्ययन्त्रिताः ।
असतोऽपि गुणानाहुर्ब्राह्मणप्रमुखाः प्रजाः ॥३१॥

31. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dhanyā vayaṁ yadasmākaṁ snehakāruṇyayantritāḥ ,
asato'pi guṇānāhurbrāhmaṇapramukhāḥ prajāḥ.

31. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dhanyāḥ vayam yat asmākam snehakāruṇyayantritāḥ
asataḥ api guṇān āhuḥ brāhmaṇapramukhāḥ prajāḥ

31. Yudhishthira said: 'We are blessed, for the people (prajā), especially the Brahmins, constrained by their affection and compassion for us, attribute qualities to us that are not even present.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate, meritorious

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• यत् (yat) - because (that, because, what)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (of us, our)

• स्नेहकारुण्ययन्त्रिताः (snehakāruṇyayantritāḥ) - constrained by their affection and compassion (bound/constrained by affection and compassion)

• असतः (asataḥ) - (even) non-existent (qualities) (of the non-existent, of the unreal)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, virtues

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they attribute, they speak of (they say, they call)

• ब्राह्मणप्रमुखाः (brāhmaṇapramukhāḥ) - especially the Brahmins (led by Brahmins, having Brahmins as chief)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (firm in battle)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate, meritorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanya

dhanya - blessed, fortunate, wealthy, virtuous

Note: Refers to 'vayam' (we).

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

यत् (yat) - because (that, because, what)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction introducing a causal clause.

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (of us, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used here with a sense of 'for our sake' or 'towards us'.

स्नेहकारुण्ययन्त्रिताः (snehakāruṇyayantritāḥ) - constrained by their affection and compassion (bound/constrained by affection and compassion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of snehakāruṇyayantrita

snehakāruṇyayantrita - bound by affection and compassion

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (sneha+kāruṇya+yantrita)

• sneha – affection, love, tenderness
  noun (masculine)
• kāruṇya – compassion, pity, tenderness
  noun (neuter)
• yantrita – restrained, controlled, bound, regulated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to control, restrain) + -ta suffix
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prajāḥ'.

असतः (asataḥ) - (even) non-existent (qualities) (of the non-existent, of the unreal)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be) with negation 'a-'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, real, good
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root as (to be) + -at suffix
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'guṇān' (accusative plural), implying 'even of non-existent qualities'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute

Note: Object of the verb 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they attribute, they speak of (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present active, 3rd person plural (irregular form of root brū/vac)

Root: brū (class 2)

ब्राह्मणप्रमुखाः (brāhmaṇapramukhāḥ) - especially the Brahmins (led by Brahmins, having Brahmins as chief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇapramukha

brāhmaṇapramukha - chief among whom are Brahmins

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (brāhmaṇa+pramukha)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
  noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, prominent, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with 'prajāḥ'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, progeny, creation

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.