महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-13

नो चेत्कुलं न चाचारो न धर्मोऽर्थः कुतः सुखम् ।
यत्र पापसहायोऽयं पापो राज्यं बुभूषते ॥१३॥

13. no cetkulaṁ na cācāro na dharmo'rthaḥ kutaḥ sukham ,
yatra pāpasahāyo'yaṁ pāpo rājyaṁ bubhūṣate.

13. no cet kulam na ca ācāraḥ na dharmaḥ arthaḥ kutaḥ
sukham yatra pāpasahāyaḥ ayam pāpaḥ rājyam bubhūṣate

13. If there is no family lineage, no proper conduct, no adherence to natural law (dharma), and no material wealth, how can there be happiness? This is especially true where this sinful person, supported by other sinful individuals, desires to rule the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• नो (no) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if, whether

• कुलम् (kulam) - family lineage (family, lineage, race, community)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आचारः (ācāraḥ) - proper conduct (conduct, custom, practice, tradition)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - material wealth (purpose, goal, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (can there be) (from where, whence, why)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort, ease

• यत्र (yatra) - especially where (where, in which, in which case)

• पापसहायः (pāpasahāyaḥ) - supported by other sinful individuals (one whose helper is a sinner, supported by sinners)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (sinful) person (this, this one)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - this sinful person (sinful, wicked, evil; a wicked person, sinner)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, dominion

• बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - desires to rule the kingdom (desires to be, desires to become, desires to rule)

Words meanings and morphology

नो (no) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

कुलम् (kulam) - family lineage (family, lineage, race, community)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, community, house, tribe

Note: Could also be accusative, but nominative as a subject is more fitting here.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आचारः (ācāraḥ) - proper conduct (conduct, custom, practice, tradition)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāra

ācāra - conduct, custom, practice, tradition, behavior

From prefix 'ā-' and root 'car' (to move, to perform)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion, custom

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - material wealth (purpose, goal, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, goal, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object, thing

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (can there be) (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'kim' (what) with the suffix '-tas' indicating origin or cause.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort, ease

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, ease, pleasure

Note: Could also be accusative, but nominative as a subject (or predicate nominative for an implied verb 'is') is more fitting here.

यत्र (yatra) - especially where (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause indicating circumstance.

पापसहायः (pāpasahāyaḥ) - supported by other sinful individuals (one whose helper is a sinner, supported by sinners)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpasahāya

pāpasahāya - one whose helper is a sinner, supported by sinners, aided by the wicked

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+sahāya)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked, sinful
  noun (neuter)
• sahāya – helper, assistant, companion, associate
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) and 'hāya' (going, union), or root 'sah' (to endure).
  Prefix: sa
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ayam pāpaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (sinful) person (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, the implied subject.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - this sinful person (sinful, wicked, evil; a wicked person, sinner)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, wicked, evil; a wicked person, sinner, bad

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, dominion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, dominion, realm

Derived from 'rājan' (king)

Note: Object of the desiderative verb 'bubhūṣate'.

बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - desires to rule the kingdom (desires to be, desires to become, desires to rule)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bubhūṣ

Desiderative verb

Desiderative stem of root 'bhū' (to be, to become, to exist, to rule), conjugated in the present tense, middle voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)