महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-22

वस्त्रमापस्तिलान्भूमिं गन्धो वासयते यथा ।
पुष्पाणामधिवासेन तथा संसर्गजा गुणाः ॥२२॥

22. vastramāpastilānbhūmiṁ gandho vāsayate yathā ,
puṣpāṇāmadhivāsena tathā saṁsargajā guṇāḥ.

22. vastram āpaḥ tilān bhūmim gandhaḥ vāsayate yathā
puṣpāṇām adhivāsena tathā saṃsargajāḥ guṇāḥ

22. Just as a scent (gandha) permeates cloth, water, sesame seeds, and the earth, similarly, qualities (guṇa) born of association (saṃsarga) arise through the pervasive influence (adhivāsa) of flowers.

Words meanings summery:

• वस्त्रम् (vastram) - cloth, garment

• आपः (āpaḥ) - water

• तिलान् (tilān) - sesame seeds

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - scent, fragrance, odor

• वासयते (vāsayate) - perfumes, impregnates with scent, permeates (causes to smell, causes to dwell, perfumes, impregnates with scent)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

• पुष्पाणाम् (puṣpāṇām) - of flowers

• अधिवासेन (adhivāsena) - through the pervasive influence (of flowers) (by dwelling, by pervading, by contact, by influence)

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• संसर्गजाः (saṁsargajāḥ) - born of association, arising from contact

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, merits, virtues

Words meanings and morphology

वस्त्रम् (vastram) - cloth, garment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vastra

vastra - cloth, garment

आपः (āpaḥ) - water

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

always plural in this sense

तिलान् (tilān) - sesame seeds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tila

tila - sesame seed

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - scent, fragrance, odor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - scent, fragrance, odor, smell

Note: The agent of 'vāsayate'.

वासयते (vāsayate) - perfumes, impregnates with scent, permeates (causes to smell, causes to dwell, perfumes, impregnates with scent)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vāsayate

causative, present middle, 3rd person singular

causative of root √vas (to smell, to dwell). Here, likely from √vas 'to smell' or causative of √vas 'to dwell' (making something stay/impregnate).

Root: vas (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

adverb

पुष्पाणाम् (puṣpāṇām) - of flowers

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

अधिवासेन (adhivāsena) - through the pervasive influence (of flowers) (by dwelling, by pervading, by contact, by influence)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adhivāsa

adhivāsa - dwelling, habitation, pervading, pervading influence, impregnation with scent

derived from adhi + √vas (to dwell/perfume)

Prefix: adhi

Root: vas (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

adverb

संसर्गजाः (saṁsargajāḥ) - born of association, arising from contact

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃsargaja

saṁsargaja - born from association, produced by contact, arising from connection

tatpurusha compound from saṃsarga and -ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃsarga+ja)

• saṃsarga – association, contact, connection
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix -ja from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'guṇāḥ'.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, merits, virtues

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, merit, virtue, attribute, constituent