महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-24

तस्मात्प्राज्ञैश्च वृद्धैश्च सुस्वभावैस्तपस्विभिः ।
सद्भिश्च सह संसर्गः कार्यः शमपरायणैः ॥२४॥

24. tasmātprājñaiśca vṛddhaiśca susvabhāvaistapasvibhiḥ ,
sadbhiśca saha saṁsargaḥ kāryaḥ śamaparāyaṇaiḥ.

24. tasmāt prājñaiḥ ca vṛddhaiḥ ca susvabhāvaiḥ tapasvibhiḥ
sadbhiḥ ca saha saṃsargaḥ kāryaḥ śamaparāyaṇaiḥ

24. Therefore, one should maintain association (saṃsarga) with the wise, the experienced, those of good nature, ascetics (tapasvin), the virtuous, and those devoted to tranquility.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise, with the intelligent

• च (ca) - and, also

• वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - by the elderly, by the experienced, by the venerable

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुस्वभावैः (susvabhāvaiḥ) - by those of good nature, good-natured

• तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by those practicing austerity (tapas)

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by the virtuous, by the honest

• च (ca) - and, also

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• संसर्गः (saṁsargaḥ) - association, contact, connection

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be maintained/made (to be done, should be done, proper to be done)

• शमपरायणैः (śamaparāyaṇaiḥ) - by those devoted to tranquility, whose main object is tranquility

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

ablative singular of tad, used adverbially

प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise, with the intelligent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, learned, clever, a wise person

derived from pra-√jñā (to know well)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - by the elderly, by the experienced, by the venerable

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - elderly, old, grown, experienced, venerable, wise

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √vṛdh (to grow, to increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

सुस्वभावैः (susvabhāvaiḥ) - by those of good nature, good-natured

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of susvabhāva

susvabhāva - good-natured, of good intrinsic nature, of good disposition

karmadhāraya compound (su + svabhāva)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+svabhāva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• svabhāva – one's own nature, intrinsic nature, disposition, character
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used substantively.

तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by those practicing austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, one who practices austerity, an anchorite

derived from tapas + -vin (possessive suffix)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by the virtuous, by the honest

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, true, a good person, a saint

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

preposition (governs instrumental case)

संसर्गः (saṁsargaḥ) - association, contact, connection

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsarga

saṁsarga - association, contact, connection, intercourse

derived from sam-√sṛj (to mix, to join)

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Grammatical subject of 'kāryaḥ'.

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be maintained/made (to be done, should be done, proper to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive (or potential participle)

Gerundive (kṛtya) from root √kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective.

शमपरायणैः (śamaparāyaṇaiḥ) - by those devoted to tranquility, whose main object is tranquility

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śamaparāyaṇa

śamaparāyaṇa - devoted to tranquility, whose highest aim is peace, having tranquility as the ultimate goal

tatpurusha compound (śamasya parāyaṇāḥ) or bahuvrihi (śamaḥ parāyaṇam eṣām)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śama+parāyaṇa)

• śama – tranquility, calm, peace, quietude
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √śam (to be calm)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• parāyaṇa – final aim, ultimate recourse, highest object, devoted to
  noun (neuter)