महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-5

अक्षग्लहः सोऽभिभवेत्परं नस्तेनैव कालो भवतीदमात्थ ।
दीव्यामहे पार्थिव मा विशङ्कां कुरुष्व पाणं च चिरं च मा कृथाः ॥५॥

5. akṣaglahaḥ so'bhibhavetparaṁ na;stenaiva kālo bhavatīdamāttha ,
dīvyāmahe pārthiva mā viśaṅkāṁ; kuruṣva pāṇaṁ ca ciraṁ ca mā kṛthāḥ.

5. akṣaglahaḥ saḥ abhibhavet param naḥ
tena eva kālaḥ bhavati idam āttha
| divyāmahe pārthiva mā viśaṅkām
kuruṣva pāṇam ca ciram ca mā kṛthāḥ

5. That dice-gambler (akṣaglaha) will surely overpower us; thus, time has come (for action), as you have said. O King (pārthiva), let us play! Do not have any apprehension, and do not delay the stakes (pāṇa).

5. מי שמנצח בהימור הקוביות גובר על יריבו, וכך אתה עצמך אמרת. בוא נשחק, הו מלך, אל תהסס, קבע את ההימור ואל תמשיך להתמהמה.

Words meanings summery:

• अक्षग्लहः (akṣaglahaḥ) - a dice-gambler (Śakuni, referring to himself) (one who gambles with dice, a dice-gambler)

• सः (saḥ) - he (this dice-gambler, referring to himself) (he, that)

• अभिभवेत् (abhibhavet) - he will overpower (us) (he would overpower, he should overcome)

• परम् (param) - (the other, opponent) (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, other (object of comparison))

• नः (naḥ) - us (accusative plural of asmad) (us, to us)

• तेन (tena) - by that (reason), therefore (by that, by him, therefore)

• एव (eva) - only, just (emphasizing 'tena') (only, indeed, just)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - (the proper) time (for action) (time, season, opportune moment)

• भवति (bhavati) - has come (i.e., 'is present') (is, becomes, exists)

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

• आत्थ (āttha) - you have said (you have said, you speak)

• दीव्यामहे (dīvyāmahe) - let us play (with dice) (we play, let us play)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King! (addressed to Duryodhana or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King! O ruler of earth!)

• मा (mā) - negation in imperative/prohibition (not, do not)

• विशङ्काम् (viśaṅkām) - apprehension (accusative object of 'kuruṣva') (doubt, apprehension, fear)

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do not have (i.e., 'make' apprehension) (do, make, perform (imperative))

• पाणम् (pāṇam) - stake (in gambling) (stake, wager, merchandise, hand)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, delay (for a long time, long)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मा (mā) - negation in imperative/prohibition (not, do not)

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do not make (delay) (you should do, you should make)

Words meanings and morphology

अक्षग्लहः (akṣaglahaḥ) - a dice-gambler (Śakuni, referring to himself) (one who gambles with dice, a dice-gambler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣaglaha

akṣaglaha - one who gambles with dice, a dice-gambler

tatpurusha compound akṣa + graha (one who seizes/plays with dice)

Compound type : tatpurusha (akṣa+graha)

• akṣa – die (for gambling), axle, eye, sense organ
  noun (masculine)
• graha – seizing, taking, holding; a planet, an eclipse
  noun (masculine)
  from √grah
  Root: grah (class 9)

सः (saḥ) - he (this dice-gambler, referring to himself) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

अभिभवेत् (abhibhavet) - he will overpower (us) (he would overpower, he should overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of abhibhū

optative active

third person singular optative active of abhi + √bhū

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

परम् (param) - (the other, opponent) (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, other (object of comparison))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, superior, chief, enemy

नः (naḥ) - us (accusative plural of asmad) (us, to us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

तेन (tena) - by that (reason), therefore (by that, by him, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

एव (eva) - only, just (emphasizing 'tena') (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - (the proper) time (for action) (time, season, opportune moment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time, black

Root: kal (class 10)

भवति (bhavati) - has come (i.e., 'is present') (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

present active indicative

third person singular present active of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

आत्थ (āttha) - you have said (you have said, you speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

perfect active indicative (archaic)

second person singular perfect active of √ah (irregular)

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: This is an archaic form of the verb "to say", typically used as a perfect tense.

दीव्यामहे (dīvyāmahe) - let us play (with dice) (we play, let us play)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of div

present middle indicative/subjunctive

first person plural present middle (ātmanepada) of √div. Can also be a subjunctive.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: The middle voice ending can also carry a subjunctive sense.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King! (addressed to Duryodhana or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King! O ruler of earth!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, relating to the earth, a king, prince

from pṛthivī (earth) + -a (suffix)

मा (mā) - negation in imperative/prohibition (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

विशङ्काम् (viśaṅkām) - apprehension (accusative object of 'kuruṣva') (doubt, apprehension, fear)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśaṅkā

viśaṅkā - doubt, apprehension, fear, suspicion

from vi + √śaṅk

Prefix: vi

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do not have (i.e., 'make' apprehension) (do, make, perform (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

imperative middle

second person singular imperative middle (ātmanepada) of √kṛ (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पाणम् (pāṇam) - stake (in gambling) (stake, wager, merchandise, hand)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇa

pāṇa - stake, wager, gaming, coin, hand, merchandise

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, delay (for a long time, long)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मा (mā) - negation in imperative/prohibition (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do not make (delay) (you should do, you should make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

aorist middle

second person singular aorist middle (ātmanepada) of √kṛ (8th class). Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

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