महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-25

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो जग्राह शकुनिस्तानक्षानक्षतत्त्ववित् ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२५॥

25. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato jagrāha śakunistānakṣānakṣatattvavit ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

25. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ jagrāha śakuniḥ tān akṣān
akṣatatvavit jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

25. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'Then Śakuni, an expert in the game of dice (akṣatatvavit), took those dice. Śakuni then spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, "It is indeed won!"'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates the sequence of events. (then, thereupon, from that)

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni's action of taking the dice. (he took, grasped, seized)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni)

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the dice (akṣān). (those (masculine accusative plural))

• अक्षान् (akṣān) - The objects used for gambling. (dice (masculine accusative plural))

• अक्षतत्ववित् (akṣatatvavit) - Describes Śakuni's mastery of the dice game. (expert in the truth/essence of dice, knowing the art of dice)

• जितम् (jitam) - Śakuni's declaration that the game is won. (won, conquered (neuter nominative singular))

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of Śakuni's direct speech. (thus, so, indicating speech or thought)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the certainty of the victory. (indeed, only, just, quite)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The subject of the verb 'abhāṣata'. (Śakuni)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The object of Śakuni's speech. (Yudhiṣṭhira (accusative singular))

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (irregular form)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates the sequence of events. (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas

Root: tad

जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni's action of taking the dice. (he took, grasped, seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of grah

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √grah, reduplicated

Root: grah (class 9)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (a king, brother of Gāndhārī)

तान् (tān) - Refers to the dice (akṣān). (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Accusative masculine plural of tad

अक्षान् (akṣān) - The objects used for gambling. (dice (masculine accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - dice, axle, eye

अक्षतत्ववित् (akṣatatvavit) - Describes Śakuni's mastery of the dice game. (expert in the truth/essence of dice, knowing the art of dice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣatatvavid

akṣatatvavid - expert in the truth/essence of dice, knowing the art of dice

Derived from akṣatatva (essence of dice) + vid (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+tattva+vid)

• akṣa – dice
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, expert
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

जितम् (jitam) - Śakuni's declaration that the game is won. (won, conquered (neuter nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, 'It is won'.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of Śakuni's direct speech. (thus, so, indicating speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the certainty of the victory. (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The subject of the verb 'abhāṣata'. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (a king, brother of Gāndhārī)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The object of Śakuni's speech. (Yudhiṣṭhira (accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Accusative singular of yudhiṣṭhira

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

past imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect middle of √bhāṣ, with augment a-

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)