महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-11

शकुनिरुवाच ।
श्रोत्रियोऽश्रोत्रियमुत निकृत्यैव युधिष्ठिर ।
विद्वानविदुषोऽभ्येति नाहुस्तां निकृतिं जनाः ॥११॥

11. śakuniruvāca ,
śrotriyo'śrotriyamuta nikṛtyaiva yudhiṣṭhira ,
vidvānaviduṣo'bhyeti nāhustāṁ nikṛtiṁ janāḥ.

11. śakuniḥ uvāca śrotriyaḥ aśrotriyam uta nikṛtyā eva
yudhiṣṭhira vidvān aviduṣaḥ abhyeti na āhuḥ tām nikṛtim janāḥ

11. Śakuni said, 'O Yudhiṣṭhira, a learned Vedic scholar (śrotriya) surely overcomes a non-Vedic scholar (aśrotriya) by deceit. People do not call that deceit when a wise person (vidvān) triumphs over an ignorant one (aviduṣaḥ).'

Words meanings summery:

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - a Vedic scholar, one learned in the Vedas

• अश्रोत्रियम् (aśrotriyam) - a non-Vedic scholar, one not learned in the Vedas

• उत (uta) - and, also, or, moreover

• निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a learned person, a wise one

• अविदुषः (aviduṣaḥ) - an ignorant person

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, overcomes, defeats

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• ताम् (tām) - that (deceit) (that)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, trickery

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

Words meanings and morphology

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (name of an uncle of Duryodhana); bird

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - a Vedic scholar, one learned in the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - Vedic scholar, one who has studied the Vedas

Root: śru (class 5)

अश्रोत्रियम् (aśrotriyam) - a non-Vedic scholar, one not learned in the Vedas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśrotriya

aśrotriya - non-Vedic scholar, unlearned

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+śrotriya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• śrotriya – Vedic scholar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śru (class 5)

उत (uta) - and, also, or, moreover

(indeclinable)

निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, humiliation

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a learned person, a wise one

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `vid`

Root: vid (class 2)

अविदुषः (aviduṣaḥ) - an ignorant person

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avidvas

avidvas - ignorant, unknowing, foolish

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root `vid` with negative prefix `a`

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidvas)

• a – not
  indeclinable
• vidvas – learned, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Root: vid (class 2)

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, overcomes, defeats

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of i

Present Active Indicative

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ah

Present Active Indicative / Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person plural. Often treated as a defective root `āh` with perfect forms used in a present sense.

Root: ah (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - that (deceit) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, trickery

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, humiliation

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

Root: jan (class 4)