महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-2

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
निकृतिर्देवनं पापं न क्षात्रोऽत्र पराक्रमः ।
न च नीतिर्ध्रुवा राजन्किं त्वं द्यूतं प्रशंससि ॥२॥

2. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
nikṛtirdevanaṁ pāpaṁ na kṣātro'tra parākramaḥ ,
na ca nītirdhruvā rājankiṁ tvaṁ dyūtaṁ praśaṁsasi.

2. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | nikṛtiḥ
devanam pāpam na kṣātraḥ atra
parākramaḥ | na ca nītiḥ dhruvā
rājan kim tvam dyūtam praśaṃsasi

2. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Deception, gambling, and sin are not a warrior's valor (kṣātra) here, nor is it a constant policy (nīti), O King. Why do you praise gambling?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke)

• निकृतिः (nikṛtiḥ) - deception (in gambling) (deception, fraud, insult, humiliation)

• देवनम् (devanam) - gambling (as an act) (gambling, playing with dice)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (as a negative act) (sin, evil, wrong, misfortune)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• क्षात्रः (kṣātraḥ) - (a warrior's) valor (belonging to a kṣatriya, fit for a warrior, valor)

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this situation of gambling) (here, in this matter)

• पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor (of a warrior) (valor, strength, courage, exertion)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy (of a ruler) (policy, conduct, guidance, morality)

• ध्रुवा (dhruvā) - constant, fixed (policy) (firm, constant, stable, certain)

• राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to a king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Duryodhana/Śakuni) (O king!)

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what, why, whether)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular, referring to Śakuni or Duryodhana) (you)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the act of gambling (gambling)

• प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - why do you praise (gambling) (you praise, you laud)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

third person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

निकृतिः (nikṛtiḥ) - deception (in gambling) (deception, fraud, insult, humiliation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deception, fraud, humiliation, mischief

from ni + √kṛ

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

देवनम् (devanam) - gambling (as an act) (gambling, playing with dice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devana

devana - playing, gambling, sport, lamenting

from √div

Root: div (class 4)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (as a negative act) (sin, evil, wrong, misfortune)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sin, misfortune

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

क्षात्रः (kṣātraḥ) - (a warrior's) valor (belonging to a kṣatriya, fit for a warrior, valor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣātra

kṣātra - belonging to a kṣatriya, warrior-like, valor, military science

from kṣatra (rule, power)

Note: Qualifies 'parākramaḥ'.

अत्र (atra) - here (in this situation of gambling) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor (of a warrior) (valor, strength, courage, exertion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, power, exertion, courage

from parā + √kram

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy (of a ruler) (policy, conduct, guidance, morality)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - guidance, conduct, policy, ethics, wisdom

from √nī

Root: nī (class 1)

ध्रुवा (dhruvā) - constant, fixed (policy) (firm, constant, stable, certain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhruva

dhruva - fixed, firm, constant, certain, permanent

Root: dhru (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to a king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Duryodhana/Śakuni) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Null for gender, number, case, person as it is an indeclinable adverb here.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular, referring to Śakuni or Duryodhana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Gender is not specified for 2nd person pronoun in Sanskrit.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the act of gambling (gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice, played

Past Passive Participle

From √div, meaning 'to play'.

Root: div (class 4)

प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - why do you praise (gambling) (you praise, you laud)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of praśaṃs

present active indicative

second person singular present active of pra + √śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)