महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-21

सर्वे वेदविदः शूराः सर्वे भास्वरमूर्तयः ।
प्रावर्तत महाराज सुहृद्द्यूतमनन्तरम् ॥२१॥

21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ ,
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛddyūtamanantaram.

21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛd dyūtam anantaram

21. All were knowers of the Vedas, all were brave, all possessed shining forms. Then, O Great King, the game of dice with friends began.

21. כולם ידעו את הוֵדוֹת, כולם היו גיבורים, וכולם בעלי דמויות זוהרות. הו מלך גדול, אז החל משחק של ידידים.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - describes the kings (knowers of the Vedas)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - describes the kings (brave, valiant, heroes)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

• भास्वरमूर्तयः (bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ) - describes the kings (having shining forms, resplendent figures)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - the dice game began (it began, it proceeded, it came into being)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra (O Great King)

• सुहृद् (suhṛd) - the dice game (dyūtam) was played *among* friends, or a friendly game (friend, well-wisher)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the specific game of dice in the Mahabharata (game of dice, gambling)

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, next

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: masculine plural nominative of 'sarva'

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - describes the kings (knowers of the Vedas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - describes the kings (brave, valiant, heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: masculine plural nominative of 'sarva'

भास्वरमूर्तयः (bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ) - describes the kings (having shining forms, resplendent figures)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāsvaramūrti

bhāsvaramūrti - having a shining form, resplendent, radiant

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhāsvara+mūrti)

• bhāsvara – shining, radiant, brilliant
  adjective
  Derived from root 'bhās' (to shine)
  Root: bhās (class 1)
• mūrti – form, shape, embodiment, figure
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - the dice game began (it began, it proceeded, it came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pravṛt

Imperfect tense, Atmanepada

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'pra'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra (O Great King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सुहृद् (suhṛd) - the dice game (dyūtam) was played *among* friends, or a friendly game (friend, well-wisher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, easily
  prefix
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: The word 'suhṛd' is in nominative, acting as an adjective to 'dyūtam' or describing the context of the game. It is a compound meaning 'good-hearted' or 'friend'. Here it describes the 'dyūtam' as a friendly game.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the specific game of dice in the Mahabharata (game of dice, gambling)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root 'div' (to play, to gamble)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Could be nominative or accusative, but as the subject of the passive verb 'prāvartata' (it began), nominative is more fitting.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, next

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially

Compound type : privative tatpurusha (a+antara)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• antara – interval, intermediate space, difference
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.

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