महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53, verse-21

सर्वे वेदविदः शूराः सर्वे भास्वरमूर्तयः ।
प्रावर्तत महाराज सुहृद्द्यूतमनन्तरम् ॥२१॥

21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ ,
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛddyūtamanantaram.

21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛd dyūtam anantaram

21. All were knowers of the Vedas, all were brave, all possessed shining forms. Then, O Great King, the game of dice with friends began.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - describes the kings (knowers of the Vedas)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - describes the kings (brave, valiant, heroes)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

• भास्वरमूर्तयः (bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ) - describes the kings (having shining forms, resplendent figures)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - the dice game began (it began, it proceeded, it came into being)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra (O Great King)

• सुहृद् (suhṛd) - the dice game (dyūtam) was played *among* friends, or a friendly game (friend, well-wisher)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the specific game of dice in the Mahabharata (game of dice, gambling)

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, next

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: masculine plural nominative of 'sarva'

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - describes the kings (knowers of the Vedas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - describes the kings (brave, valiant, heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all the kings present in the assembly (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: masculine plural nominative of 'sarva'

भास्वरमूर्तयः (bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ) - describes the kings (having shining forms, resplendent figures)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāsvaramūrti

bhāsvaramūrti - having a shining form, resplendent, radiant

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhāsvara+mūrti)

• bhāsvara – shining, radiant, brilliant
  adjective
  Derived from root 'bhās' (to shine)
  Root: bhās (class 1)
• mūrti – form, shape, embodiment, figure
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - the dice game began (it began, it proceeded, it came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pravṛt

Imperfect tense, Atmanepada

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'pra'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra (O Great King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सुहृद् (suhṛd) - the dice game (dyūtam) was played *among* friends, or a friendly game (friend, well-wisher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, easily
  prefix
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: The word 'suhṛd' is in nominative, acting as an adjective to 'dyūtam' or describing the context of the game. It is a compound meaning 'good-hearted' or 'friend'. Here it describes the 'dyūtam' as a friendly game.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the specific game of dice in the Mahabharata (game of dice, gambling)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root 'div' (to play, to gamble)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Could be nominative or accusative, but as the subject of the passive verb 'prāvartata' (it began), nominative is more fitting.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequently, next

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially

Compound type : privative tatpurusha (a+antara)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• antara – interval, intermediate space, difference
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.