महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-1, verse-24

धृष्टद्युम्नं सात्यकिं च धृष्टद्युम्नस्य चात्मजान् ।
ये च शस्त्रैर्वधं प्राप्ताः क्षत्रधर्मेण पार्थिवाः ॥२४॥

24. dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ sātyakiṁ ca dhṛṣṭadyumnasya cātmajān ,
ye ca śastrairvadhaṁ prāptāḥ kṣatradharmeṇa pārthivāḥ.

24. dhṛṣṭadyumnam sātyakim ca dhṛṣṭadyumnasya ca ātmajān
ye ca śastraiḥ vadham prāptāḥ kṣatradharmeṇa pārthivāḥ

24. ca dhṛṣṭadyumnam sātyakim ca dhṛṣṭadyumnasya ātmajān
ca ye pārthivāḥ kṣatradharmeṇa śastraiḥ vadham prāptāḥ

24. I wish to see Dhrishtadyumna, Satyaki, and the sons of Dhrishtadyumna, and those kings who, in accordance with the warrior's intrinsic nature (dharma), met their death by weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhrishtadyumna (Dhrishtadyumna (proper noun))

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki (Satyaki (proper noun))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhrishtadyumna

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons (sons, offspring)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons (by weapons, with arms)

• वधम् (vadham) - death (death, killing, slaughter)

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - met (their death) (obtained, reached, attained, met)

• क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - in accordance with the warrior's intrinsic nature (dharma) (by the intrinsic nature/constitution of a kshatriya (warrior))

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, princes, earthly rulers)

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhrishtadyumna (Dhrishtadyumna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a warrior, son of Drupada)

Compound: dhṛṣṭa (bold, audacious) + dyumna (splendor, wealth).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – splendor, glory, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of implied draṣṭum (from previous verse).

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki (Satyaki (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (name of a Vṛṣṇi hero)

Patronymic from Satyak.

Note: Object of implied draṣṭum.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a warrior)

Compound: dhṛṣṭa (bold, audacious) + dyumna (splendor, wealth).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – splendor, glory, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive, 'Dhrishtadyumna's sons'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons (sons, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, son, offspring

Compound: ātman (self) + ja (born). From √jan (to be born).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of implied draṣṭum.

ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to pārthivāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons (by weapons, with arms)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śastra

śastra - weapon, sword, instrument

From √śaṃs (to praise, but also related to cutting/wounding).

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Means by which death was met.

वधम् (vadham) - death (death, killing, slaughter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, death, murder

From √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of prāptāḥ.

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - met (their death) (obtained, reached, attained, met)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√āp (to reach, obtain).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with pārthivāḥ.

क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - in accordance with the warrior's intrinsic nature (dharma) (by the intrinsic nature/constitution of a kshatriya (warrior))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the natural law/duty/constitution of a kṣatriya (warrior class)

Compound: kṣatra (warrior class) + dharma (natural law/duty).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner or cause of their death.

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, princes, earthly rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, a king, a prince, ruler of the earth

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Subject of the relative clause, agreeing with ye.

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