महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-1, verse-21

यत्कृते पृथिवी नष्टा सहया सरथद्विपा ।
वयं च मन्युना दग्धा वैरं प्रतिचिकीर्षवः ॥२१॥

21. yatkṛte pṛthivī naṣṭā sahayā sarathadvipā ,
vayaṁ ca manyunā dagdhā vairaṁ praticikīrṣavaḥ.

21. yat kṛte pṛthivī naṣṭā sahayā sarathadvipā
vayam ca manyunā dagdhā vairam praticikīrṣavaḥ

21. yat kṛte pṛthivī sahayā sarathadvipā naṣṭā
vayam ca manyunā dagdhā vairam praticikīrṣavaḥ

21. Due to whom the earth, along with its horses, chariots, and elephants, was destroyed. And we, consumed by wrath, desire retaliation.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - because of which (which, what, because of which)

• कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, on account of (for the sake of, on account of, because of)

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, land, world)

• नष्टा (naṣṭā) - destroyed, devastated (destroyed, lost, ruined, perished)

• सहया (sahayā) - along with its horses (with horses, accompanied by horses)

• सरथद्विपा (sarathadvipā) - along with its chariots and elephants (with chariots and elephants)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• मन्युना (manyunā) - by wrath (by anger, by wrath, by indignation)

• दग्धा (dagdhā) - consumed (by wrath) (burned, consumed, scorched)

• वैरम् (vairam) - revenge, retaliation (enmity, hostility, revenge, hatred)

• प्रतिचिकीर्षवः (praticikīrṣavaḥ) - desirous of retaliation (desirous of retaliation, intending to return (an act), desirous of revenge)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - because of which (which, what, because of which)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used as a relative pronoun, forming an adverbial phrase 'for whose sake' with kṛte.

कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, on account of (for the sake of, on account of, because of)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially here.

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, land, world)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

Note: Subject of the first clause.

नष्टा (naṣṭā) - destroyed, devastated (destroyed, lost, ruined, perished)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - destroyed, lost, ruined

Past Passive Participle

From √naś (to perish, be lost)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with pṛthivī.

सहया (sahayā) - along with its horses (with horses, accompanied by horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahayā

sahayā - with horses

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + haya (horse).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+haya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with pṛthivī.

सरथद्विपा (sarathadvipā) - along with its chariots and elephants (with chariots and elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarathadvipā

sarathadvipā - with chariots and elephants

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + ratha-dvipa (chariots and elephants). ratha-dvipa is a Dvandva compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha+dvipa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'drinker twice')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with pṛthivī.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the second clause. Can refer to a group of any gender. Here, it is described by both a feminine plural participle (dagdhā) and a masculine plural participle (praticikīrṣavaḥ), implying a mixed group or flexible agreement.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मन्युना (manyunā) - by wrath (by anger, by wrath, by indignation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - wrath, anger, indignation, fury

From √man (to think, perceive), related to emotional states.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agent in the passive construction dagdhā.

दग्धा (dagdhā) - consumed (by wrath) (burned, consumed, scorched)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dagdha

dagdha - burned, consumed, scorched

Past Passive Participle

From √dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for vayam. The feminine plural implies vayam is perceived as feminine in this context, or refers to a female speaker (like Draupadi) and her company.

वैरम् (vairam) - revenge, retaliation (enmity, hostility, revenge, hatred)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, revenge

From vīra (hero) + aṇ (or from vīra + a, related to hostile relations between heroes).

Note: Object of desire (implied by praticikīrṣavaḥ).

प्रतिचिकीर्षवः (praticikīrṣavaḥ) - desirous of retaliation (desirous of retaliation, intending to return (an act), desirous of revenge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praticikīrṣu

praticikīrṣu - desirous of retaliation/revenge, wishing to act against

Desiderative Noun/Adjective

From desiderative stem of prati-√kṛ (to do, make, return, retaliate).

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with vayam. The masculine plural implies vayam refers to men or a group where masculine gender predominates, for the act of retaliation.