महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-2, verse-9

योऽयमस्मासु सर्वेषु शुश्रूषुरनहंकृतः ।
सोऽयं माद्रवतीपुत्रः कस्मान्निपतितो भुवि ॥९॥

9. yo'yamasmāsu sarveṣu śuśrūṣuranahaṁkṛtaḥ ,
so'yaṁ mādravatīputraḥ kasmānnipatito bhuvi.

9. yaḥ ayam asmāsu sarveṣu śuśrūṣuḥ anahaṃkṛtaḥ
saḥ ayam mādrāvatī-putraḥ kasmāt nipatitaḥ bhuvi

9. yaḥ ayam asmāsu sarveṣu śuśrūṣuḥ anahaṃkṛtaḥ
saḥ ayam mādrāvatī-putraḥ kasmāt bhuvi nipatitaḥ

9. This one, who was always eager to serve among all of us and was free from ego (ahaṅkāra) – why has this son of Mādrī fallen on the ground?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (who, which, that (masculine, nominative singular))

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (this (masculine, nominative singular))

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (among us, in us)

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - Agrees with 'asmāsu'. (among all, in all)

• शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - Qualifies Sahadeva. (desirous of serving, obedient, attentive)

• अनहंकृतः (anahaṁkṛtaḥ) - Qualifies Sahadeva. (without ego, humble, unassuming)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (that, he (masculine, nominative singular))

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (this (masculine, nominative singular))

• माद्रावती-पुत्रः (mādrāvatī-putraḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (son of Mādrī)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - Masculine nominative singular, refers to Sahadeva. (fallen, having fallen down)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (who, which, that (masculine, nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

Masculine nominative singular of yad (who, which)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (this (masculine, nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Masculine nominative singular of idam (this)

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (among us, in us)

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Locative plural of asmad (we)

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - Agrees with 'asmāsu'. (among all, in all)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Masculine locative plural of sarva (all)

शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - Qualifies Sahadeva. (desirous of serving, obedient, attentive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣu

śuśrūṣu - desirous of hearing, desirous of serving, obedient

Desiderative nominal derivative

Derived from desiderative stem of √śru (to hear) + -u suffix. Implies one who wishes to hear / obey / serve.

Root: śru (class 5)

अनहंकृतः (anahaṁkṛtaḥ) - Qualifies Sahadeva. (without ego, humble, unassuming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anahaṃkṛta

anahaṁkṛta - without ego, humble, unassuming

Formed with negative prefix 'an' and 'ahaṃkṛta' (one who has made 'I')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+ahaṃkṛta)

• an – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ahaṃkṛta – egoistic, conceited (literally 'made I')
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ahaṃ (I) + √kṛ (to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (that, he (masculine, nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Masculine nominative singular of tad (that)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (this (masculine, nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Masculine nominative singular of idam (this)

माद्रावती-पुत्रः (mādrāvatī-putraḥ) - Refers to Sahadeva. (son of Mādrī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādrāvatī-putra

mādrāvatī-putra - son of Mādrī

Refers to Sahadeva, one of the Pāṇḍavas, who was the son of Mādrī, the second wife of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrāvatī+putra)

• mādrāvatī – Mādrī (name of Pāṇḍu's second wife and mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
  Feminine proper noun
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun kim (what), used adverbially as 'why'

निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - Masculine nominative singular, refers to Sahadeva. (fallen, having fallen down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall) with prefix ni and suffix -ita

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

Feminine locative singular of bhū (earth)

Root: bhū (class 1)