महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-2, verse-18

तांस्तु प्रपतितान्दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवः श्वेतवाहनः ।
पपात शोकसंतप्तस्ततोऽनु परवीरहा ॥१८॥

18. tāṁstu prapatitāndṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ ,
papāta śokasaṁtaptastato'nu paravīrahā.

18. tān tu prapatitān dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ
papāta śokasaṃtaptaḥ tataḥ anu paravīrahā

18. tu tān prapatitān dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ
paravīrahā śokasaṃtaptaḥ tataḥ anu papāta

18. But seeing them all fallen, the Pandava, Arjuna (śvetavāhana), who was the slayer of enemy heroes (paravīrahā), overcome with grief, then also fell.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (the fallen brothers) (them)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• प्रपतितान् (prapatitān) - fallen down, prostrate

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna, as a son of Pandu (Pandava, son of Pandu)

• श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one whose vehicle is white') (white-horsed)

• पपात (papāta) - fell, collapsed

• शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - tormented by grief, afflicted by sorrow

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thereafter, then

• अनु (anu) - also (fell) (after, along, then, also)

• परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'slayer of hostile warriors') (slayer of enemy heroes)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (the fallen brothers) (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

प्रपतितान् (prapatitān) - fallen down, prostrate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prapatita

prapatita - fallen down, prostrated, collapsed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna, as a son of Pandu (Pandava, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one whose vehicle is white') (white-horsed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetavāhana

śvetavāhana - having white horses, white-horsed (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śveta+vāhana)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• vāhana – vehicle, mount, bearer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √vah (to carry).
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Arjuna.

पपात (papāta) - fell, collapsed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect Tense

From root √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - tormented by grief, afflicted by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - tormented by grief, consumed by sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – heated, tormented, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, torment) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Pāṇḍavaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thereafter, then

(indeclinable)

अनु (anu) - also (fell) (after, along, then, also)

(indeclinable)

परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'slayer of hostile warriors') (slayer of enemy heroes)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahan

paravīrahan - slayer of hostile warriors/heroes

Agent Noun

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill) in compound with 'paravīra'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+vīra+han)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer (as a nominal stem)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Root used to form agent nouns.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Epithet for Arjuna.