महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-2, verse-5

नाधर्मश्चरितः कश्चिद्राजपुत्र्या परंतप ।
कारणं किं नु तद्राजन्यत्कृष्णा पतिता भुवि ॥५॥

5. nādharmaścaritaḥ kaścidrājaputryā paraṁtapa ,
kāraṇaṁ kiṁ nu tadrājanyatkṛṣṇā patitā bhuvi.

5. na adharmaḥ caritaḥ kaścit rājaputryā paraṃtapa
kāraṇam kim nu tat rājan yat kṛṣṇā patitā bhuvi

5. paraṃtapa rājaputryā kaścit adharmaḥ na caritaḥ
nu rājan tat kāraṇam kim yat kṛṣṇā bhuvi patitā

5. O tormentor of foes, the princess committed no unrighteous act. What, then, O King, is the reason that Kṛṣṇā (Draupadi) has fallen to the ground?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - Not, no

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - Unrighteousness, unrighteous act

• चरितः (caritaḥ) - Done, performed, practiced

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - Any, some, a certain

• राजपुत्र्या (rājaputryā) - By the princess (Draupadi)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as the tormentor of foes (O tormentor of foes (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira))

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - Cause, reason

• किम् (kim) - What? Why?

• नु (nu) - Now, indeed, then (interrogative particle)

• तत् (tat) - That (reason) (That (neuter))

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as king (O king)

• यत् (yat) - The reason 'that' (That (relative pronoun), because)

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi (the dark one)

• पतिता (patitā) - Fallen, collapsed

• भुवि (bhuvi) - On the earth, on the ground

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - Not, no

(indeclinable)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - Unrighteousness, unrighteous act

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)

Derived from 'dharma' with the negative prefix 'a'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

चरितः (caritaḥ) - Done, performed, practiced

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carita

carita - done, performed, acted, behaved

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'car' (to move, to do, to perform).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'adharmaḥ'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - Any, some, a certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - any, some, a certain

Indefinite pronoun, formed from 'kim' + 'cit'.

Note: Indefinite pronoun. Agrees with 'adharmaḥ'.

राजपुत्र्या (rājaputryā) - By the princess (Draupadi)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rājaputrī

rājaputrī - daughter of a king, princess

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putrī)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putrī – daughter
  noun (feminine)

Note: Instrumental case with passive verb 'caritaḥ'.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as the tormentor of foes (O tormentor of foes (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• tapa – one who heats, one who torments
  agent noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - Cause, reason

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

किम् (kim) - What? Why?

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - Now, indeed, then (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - That (reason) (That (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kāraṇam'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as king (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यत् (yat) - The reason 'that' (That (relative pronoun), because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used here in the sense of 'because' or 'that which is the cause'.

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi (the dark one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadi (lit. 'the dark one')

पतिता (patitā) - Fallen, collapsed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, collapsed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛṣṇā'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - On the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land