महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-2, verse-2

तं चाप्यतिक्रमन्तस्ते ददृशुर्वालुकार्णवम् ।
अवैक्षन्त महाशैलं मेरुं शिखरिणां वरम् ॥२॥

2. taṁ cāpyatikramantaste dadṛśurvālukārṇavam ,
avaikṣanta mahāśailaṁ meruṁ śikhariṇāṁ varam.

2. tam ca api atikramantaḥ te dadṛśuḥ vālukā arṇavam
avaikṣanta mahāśailam merum śikhariṇām varam

2. te tam ca api atikramantaḥ vālukā arṇavam dadṛśuḥ
mahāśailam śikhariṇām varam merum avaikṣanta

2. And surpassing that (Himavat), they also beheld a sandy expanse (vālukārṇava). They then observed the great mountain Meru, the foremost among peaks.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (mountain Himavat) (that, him, it)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, moreover)

• अतिक्रमन्तः (atikramantaḥ) - surpassing/crossing (crossing, surpassing, passing beyond)

• ते (te) - they (they, those)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they beheld (they saw, they beheld)

• वालुका (vālukā) - sand (sand, gravel)

• अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - expanse (forming 'sandy expanse') (ocean, sea, flood, vast expanse)

• अवैक्षन्त (avaikṣanta) - they observed (they beheld, they looked at, they observed)

• महाशैलम् (mahāśailam) - the great mountain (great mountain)

• मेरुम् (merum) - Meru (Meru (mythical mountain))

• शिखरिणाम् (śikhariṇām) - of peaks (of mountains, of peaks, of crested beings)

• वरम् (varam) - foremost (best, excellent, most esteemed)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (mountain Himavat) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to Himavat from the previous verse. Object of atikramantaḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, "even, also".

अतिक्रमन्तः (atikramantaḥ) - surpassing/crossing (crossing, surpassing, passing beyond)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atikramant

atikramant - crossing, passing over, transgressing, excelling

Present Active Participle

From root kram (to step, go) with prefix ati (over, beyond)

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjectival predicate for the subject.

ते (te) - they (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they beheld (they saw, they beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect (Lit) third person plural

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes the action of seeing.

वालुका (vālukā) - sand (sand, gravel)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vālukā

vālukā - sand, gravel

Note: First part of the compound vālukārṇavam.

अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - expanse (forming 'sandy expanse') (ocean, sea, flood, vast expanse)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, flood, wave, stream, vast expanse

Note: Second part of the compound vālukārṇavam.

अवैक्षन्त (avaikṣanta) - they observed (they beheld, they looked at, they observed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ) third person plural

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Action of observing the next object.

महाशैलम् (mahāśailam) - the great mountain (great mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāśaila

mahāśaila - great mountain

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+śaila)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective
• śaila – mountain, rock, hill
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Meru.

मेरुम् (merum) - Meru (Meru (mythical mountain))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meru

meru - Meru (mythical golden mountain, center of the universe), highest peak

Note: Object of avaikṣanta.

शिखरिणाम् (śikhariṇām) - of peaks (of mountains, of peaks, of crested beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śikharin

śikharin - having a peak, crested, a mountain, a tree

From śikhara (peak) + -in (possessing)

Note: Possessive, referring to a group among which Meru is the best.

वरम् (varam) - foremost (best, excellent, most esteemed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, principal, boon, choice

Note: Qualifies Meru, indicating its superiority.