महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-2, verse-23

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा प्रस्थितो राजा भीमोऽथ निपपात ह ।
पतितश्चाब्रवीद्भीमो धर्मराजं युधिष्ठिरम् ॥२३॥

23. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktvā prasthito rājā bhīmo'tha nipapāta ha ,
patitaścābravīdbhīmo dharmarājaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram.

23. vaiśampāyana uvāca iti uktvā prasthitaḥ rājā bhīmaḥ atha
nipapāta ha patitaḥ ca abravīt bhīmaḥ dharmarājam yudhiṣṭhiram

23. vaiśampāyana uvāca iti uktvā prasthitaḥ rājā bhīmaḥ atha
nipapāta ha patitaḥ ca bhīmaḥ dharmarājam yudhiṣṭhiram abravīt

23. Vaiśampāyana said: Having spoken thus, the departing King Bhīma then indeed fell down. And having fallen, Bhīma spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira, the king upholding natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - departing (king) (departed, set out, gone forth)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, one who has fallen

• च (ca) - and, also

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king upholding natural law (dharma) (king of righteousness, king upholding natural law)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Irregular perfect form of root vac (2nd conjugation)

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak) + suffix -ktvā

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - departing (king) (departed, set out, gone forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - set out, departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- (prefix) + root sthā (to stand) + suffix -kta

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a Pāṇḍava prince); terrible, fearful

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect active third person singular

Derived from ni- (prefix) + root pat (to fall). Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, one who has fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) + suffix -kta

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active third person singular

Derived from root brū (to speak). Irregular imperfect form.

Root: brū (class 2)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a Pāṇḍava prince); terrible, fearful

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king upholding natural law (dharma) (king of righteousness, king upholding natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king upholding natural law; a title of Yudhiṣṭhira or Yama

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Compound of dharma and rāja.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas), steady in battle