महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-48, verse-4

प्राणायामैरथ प्राणान्संयम्य स पुनः पुनः ।
दशद्वादशभिर्वापि चतुर्विंशात्परं ततः ॥४॥

4. prāṇāyāmairatha prāṇānsaṁyamya sa punaḥ punaḥ ,
daśadvādaśabhirvāpi caturviṁśātparaṁ tataḥ.

4. prāṇāyāmaiḥ atha prāṇān saṃyamya saḥ punaḥ punaḥ
daśadvādaśabhiḥ vā api caturviṃśāt param tataḥ

4. atha saḥ punaḥ punaḥ prāṇāyāmaiḥ prāṇān saṃyamya
daśadvādaśabhiḥ vā api caturviṃśāt param tataḥ

4. Then, repeatedly restraining the vital energies (prāṇa) through breath control (prāṇāyāma), he performs this ten or twelve times, or even beyond twenty-four.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणायामैः (prāṇāyāmaiḥ) - by means of the practice of breath control (prāṇāyāma) (by means of breath control, by means of prāṇāyāma)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - the vital energies (prāṇa) (the breaths, the vital airs)

• संयम्य (saṁyamya) - having restrained (having restrained, having controlled)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the practitioner) (he, that)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

• दशद्वादशभिः (daśadvādaśabhiḥ) - by (performing) ten or twelve (prāṇāyāmas) (by ten or twelve)

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• चतुर्विंशात् (caturviṁśāt) - from twenty-four (times) (from twenty-four)

• परम् (param) - beyond (beyond, further, higher)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (thereafter, then, from that)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणायामैः (prāṇāyāmaiḥ) - by means of the practice of breath control (prāṇāyāma) (by means of breath control, by means of prāṇāyāma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇāyāma

prāṇāyāma - breath control, regulation of breath, a yogic practice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+āyāma)

• prāṇa – breath, vital air, life-force
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• āyāma – stretching, extending, restraining, controlling
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root yam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - the vital energies (prāṇa) (the breaths, the vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life-force

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

संयम्य (saṁyamya) - having restrained (having restrained, having controlled)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

from root yam with prefix sam, suffix -ya

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the practitioner) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the practitioner (yogi) implied from context.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

दशद्वादशभिः (daśadvādaśabhiḥ) - by (performing) ten or twelve (prāṇāyāmas) (by ten or twelve)

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of daśadvādaśa

daśadvādaśa - ten or twelve

Compound type : dvandva (daśa+dvādaśa)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral

Note: Refers to the number of repetitions of prāṇāyāma.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

चतुर्विंशात् (caturviṁśāt) - from twenty-four (times) (from twenty-four)

(numeral)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+viṃśati)

• catur – four
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Ablative case indicating 'from' or 'beyond'.

परम् (param) - beyond (beyond, further, higher)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially with ablative.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (thereafter, then, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here, it seems to indicate 'in that manner' or 'thereafter' for the repetitions.