महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-48, verse-24

तपस्त्वन्ये प्रशंसन्ति स्वाध्यायमपरे जनाः ।
ज्ञानं संन्यासमित्येके स्वभावं भूतचिन्तकाः ॥२४॥

24. tapastvanye praśaṁsanti svādhyāyamapare janāḥ ,
jñānaṁ saṁnyāsamityeke svabhāvaṁ bhūtacintakāḥ.

24. tapas tu anye praśaṃsanti svādhyāyam apare janāḥ
jñānam saṃnyāsam iti eke svabhāvam bhūtacintakāḥ

24. anye janāḥ tu tapas praśaṃsanti
apare svādhyāyam (praśaṃsanti) eke
jñānam saṃnyāsam iti (praśaṃsanti)
bhūtacintakāḥ svabhāvam (praśaṃsanti)

24. Some people praise austerity (tapas), others praise self-study. Still others consider knowledge and renunciation to be supreme, while those who contemplate the nature of beings speak of intrinsic nature (svabhāva).

Words meanings summery:

• तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• अन्ये (anye) - others, some others

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, study of the Vedas

• अपरे (apare) - others, other people

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, asceticism

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, referring to

• एके (eke) - some, certain ones

• स्वभावम् (svabhāvam) - intrinsic nature, own being, inherent disposition

• भूतचिन्तकाः (bhūtacintakāḥ) - those who ponder beings, thinkers about existence

Words meanings and morphology

तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others, some others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

Note: Referring to 'other people'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śāṃs

Derived from root śaṃs with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, study of the Vedas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

From sva (self) + adhyāya (study).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, one's own
  pronoun
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + i (to go).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Direct object of implied "praise".

अपरे (apare) - others, other people

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, different, subsequent

Note: Refers to another group of people.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of "praise" (implied).

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, spiritual knowledge

From root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Direct object of implied "consider" or "praise".

संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, asceticism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsa

saṁnyāsa - renunciation, abandonment, asceticism, the fourth stage of life (āśrama)

From saṃ-ni-as (to lay down, to abandon).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Direct object of implied "consider" or "praise".

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, referring to

(indeclinable)

एके (eke) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, some, alone, singular

Note: Refers to another group of people, 'some others'.

स्वभावम् (svabhāvam) - intrinsic nature, own being, inherent disposition

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - intrinsic nature, own being, inherent disposition

From sva (own) + bhāva (state of being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāva)

• sva – self, one's own
  pronoun
• bhāva – being, state, condition, existence, nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Direct object of implied "consider" or "praise".

भूतचिन्तकाः (bhūtacintakāḥ) - those who ponder beings, thinkers about existence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūtacintaka

bhūtacintaka - one who thinks about beings or elements

From bhūta (being/element) + cintaka (thinker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+cintaka)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• cintaka – thinker, contemplator
  noun (masculine)
  From root cint (to think) + ṇvul suffix (indicating agent).
  Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.