महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-32, verse-15

कस्येदमिति कस्य स्वमिति वेदवचस्तथा ।
नाध्यगच्छमहं बुद्ध्या ममेदमिति यद्भवेत् ॥१५॥

15. kasyedamiti kasya svamiti vedavacastathā ,
nādhyagacchamahaṁ buddhyā mamedamiti yadbhavet.

15. kasya idam iti kasya svam iti vedavacas tathā | na
adhyagaccham aham buddhyā mama idam iti yat bhavet

15. tathā vedavacas kasya idam iti,
kasya svam iti aham buddhyā mama idam iti yat bhavet,
na adhyagaccham

15. Thus, considering the Vedic statements 'Whose is this?' and 'Whose is one's own property?', I have not understood with my intellect what could truly be 'mine'.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

• इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, this one)

• इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

• कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own property (one's own, property, wealth)

• इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

• वेदवचस् (vedavacas) - Vedic statements (referring to the preceding questions) (Vedic statement, Vedic saying)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner (linking to the previous statement) (thus, so, in that manner, and also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अध्यगच्छम् (adhyagaccham) - I did not understand/comprehend (I did not obtain, I did not find, I did not learn/understand)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Janaka) (I)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with my intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by discernment)

• मम (mama) - mine (my, of me)

• इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, this one)

• इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

• यत् (yat) - what (might be) (which, what, that)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (may be, should be, would be)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used interrogatively.

इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Used in a nominative sense, referring to a general 'thing'.

इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used interrogatively.

स्वम् (svam) - one's own property (one's own, property, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, property, wealth

Note: Can also be an adjective 'own', but here used as a substantive 'one's own property'.

इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

वेदवचस् (vedavacas) - Vedic statements (referring to the preceding questions) (Vedic statement, Vedic saying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vedavacas

vedavacas - Vedic statement, Vedic saying

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vacas)

• veda – knowledge, Veda (sacred texts)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vacas – word, speech, statement
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Plural form of a neuter noun ending in 'as'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner (linking to the previous statement) (thus, so, in that manner, and also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here it functions as an adverb, connecting the idea of 'Vedic sayings' to his inability to understand.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अध्यगच्छम् (adhyagaccham) - I did not understand/comprehend (I did not obtain, I did not find, I did not learn/understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of adhigam

Imperfect active first person singular

Root gam (class 1) with prefix adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: This form is specifically with 'a' prefix for imperfect tense.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Janaka) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with my intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by discernment)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, discernment

Derived from root 'budh' (to know, awaken)

Root: budh (class 1)

मम (mama) - mine (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Expresses possession.

इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Used here in a nominative sense, referring to a general 'thing'.

इति (iti) - (marking a thought or statement) (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what (might be) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'idam'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Optative active third person singular

Root bhū (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potentiality.