महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-32, verse-5

इत्युक्तः स तदा राजा ब्राह्मणेन यशस्विना ।
मुहुरुष्णं च निःश्वस्य न स तं प्रत्यभाषत ॥५॥

5. ityuktaḥ sa tadā rājā brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā ,
muhuruṣṇaṁ ca niḥśvasya na sa taṁ pratyabhāṣata.

5. iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā rājā brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā
muhuḥ uṣṇam ca niḥśvasya na saḥ tam prati abhāṣata

5. tadā brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā iti uktaḥ saḥ rājā
muhuḥ uṣṇam ca niḥśvasya saḥ tam na prati abhāṣata

5. Thus addressed then by the glorious brahmin, that king, having sighed hotly again and again, did not reply to him.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to the brahmin's preceding statement) (thus, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the brahmin

• यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hotly (hotly, warm, hot)

• च (ca) - and

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, exhaling)

• न (na) - not

• सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - to him

• प्रति (prati) - in return (towards, in return)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke/replied (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (referring to the brahmin's preceding statement) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the brahmin's preceding statement.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

from √vac (to speak), irregular past participle

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates time sequence.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a man of the priestly class; relating to Brahman; sacred text

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

from yaśas (glory) + -vin suffix

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇena'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'niḥśvasya'.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hotly (hotly, warm, hot)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm; heat

Note: Used adverbially, indicating the manner of sighing ('hotly').

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'muhuḥ' and 'uṣṇam' or simply adds emphasis.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, exhaling)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from niḥ-√śvas (to breathe out)

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Indicates an action preceding the main verb.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'pratyabhāṣata'.

सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, subject of 'pratyabhāṣata'.

तम् (tam) - to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'pratyabhāṣata', refers to the brahmin.

प्रति (prati) - in return (towards, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: Prefix to 'abhāṣata', forming 'replied'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke/replied (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)