महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-30, verse-4

स्थितस्य वृक्षमूलेऽथ तस्य चिन्ता बभूव ह ।
उत्सृज्य सुमहद्राज्यं सूक्ष्मं प्रति महामते ॥४॥

4. sthitasya vṛkṣamūle'tha tasya cintā babhūva ha ,
utsṛjya sumahadrājyaṁ sūkṣmaṁ prati mahāmate.

4. sthitasya vṛkṣa-mūle atha tasya cintā babhūva ha
utsṛjya sumahat rājyam sūkṣmam prati mahāmate

4. atha vṛkṣa-mūle sthitasya tasya mahāmateḥ cintā babhūva ha
(iti yat) sumahat rājyam utsṛjya sūkṣmam prati (mama manaḥ)

4. Then, as that great-minded one was situated at the foot of a tree, a thought indeed arose in him: 'Having abandoned a very great kingdom, [my focus is now] on the subtle.'

Words meanings summery:

• स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of Alarka, who was situated (sitting/resting) at the tree's root (of him who was situated, of him who stood)

• वृक्ष-मूले (vṛkṣa-mūle) - at the root of a tree, at the foot of a tree

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• चिन्ता (cintā) - thought, reflection, concern

• बभूव (babhūva) - arose, became, happened

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having left

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, enormous

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

• सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the subtle (thing/object)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

• महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded Alarka! (O great-minded one!)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of Alarka, who was situated (sitting/resting) at the tree's root (of him who was situated, of him who stood)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, existing, firm

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'sthā'

Root: sthā (class 1)

वृक्ष-मूले (vṛkṣa-mūle) - at the root of a tree, at the foot of a tree

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vṛkṣa-mūla

vṛkṣa-mūla - root of a tree, foot of a tree

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, basis, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चिन्ता (cintā) - thought, reflection, concern

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cintā

cintā - thought, thinking, reflection, worry, concern

Root: cit (class 10)

बभूव (babhūva) - arose, became, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect tense, active voice

third person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from root 'sṛj' with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, enormous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the subtle (thing/object)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, fine, minute, delicate, intangible

Note: Used here as a substantive.

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the accusative case (sūkṣmam).

महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded Alarka! (O great-minded one!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, noble-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• mati – mind, intelligence, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man