महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-30, verse-29

विस्मितश्चापि राजर्षिरिमां गाथां जगाद ह ।
अहो कष्टं यदस्माभिः पूर्वं राज्यमनुष्ठितम् ।
इति पश्चान्मया ज्ञातं योगान्नास्ति परं सुखम् ॥२९॥

29. vismitaścāpi rājarṣirimāṁ gāthāṁ jagāda ha ,
aho kaṣṭaṁ yadasmābhiḥ pūrvaṁ rājyamanuṣṭhitam ,
iti paścānmayā jñātaṁ yogānnāsti paraṁ sukham.

29. vismitaḥ ca api rājarṣiḥ imām gāthām
jagāda ha | aho kaṣṭam yat asmābhiḥ
pūrvam rājyam anuṣṭhitam | iti paścāt
mayā jñātam yogāt na asti param sukham

29. vismitaḥ rājarṣiḥ ca api imām gāthām
ha jagāda aho kaṣṭam yat pūrvam
asmābhiḥ rājyam anuṣṭhitam iti paścāt
mayā jñātam yogāt param sukham na asti

29. The astonished royal sage (rājarṣi) indeed spoke this verse: "Alas, how lamentable that kingship was formerly practiced by us! Thus, it was known by me later that there is no supreme happiness (sukha) beyond (yoga)."

Words meanings summery:

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished (astonished, amazed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, and)

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage (royal sage, king and sage)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))

• गाथाम् (gāthām) - verse (verse, stanza, song)

• जगाद (jagāda) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, surely)

• अहो (aho) - alas (alas, oh, ah)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - how lamentable (lamentable, difficult, painful)

• यत् (yat) - that (that, which, because)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, before)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (kingship, kingdom, rule)

• अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - practiced (performed, practiced, done)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so (quotative))

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - later (afterwards, later, behind)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - was known (known, understood)

• योगात् (yogāt) - beyond (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga)

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - there is (is, exists)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, comfort, ease)

Words meanings and morphology

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished (astonished, amazed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed

Past Passive Participle

from √smi with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājarṣiḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conveys emphasis or addition.

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage (royal sage, king and sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Tatpuruṣa compound: rājan (king) + ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Alarka.

इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with 'gāthām'.

गाथाम् (gāthām) - verse (verse, stanza, song)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza

Root: gā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'jagāda'.

जगाद (jagāda) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vad

Perfect active third singular

reduplicated perfect form of √vad

Root: vad (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अहो (aho) - alas (alas, oh, ah)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interjection of surprise or regret.

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - how lamentable (lamentable, difficult, painful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, bad, lamentable

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with 'yat'.

यत् (yat) - that (that, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - that, which, because

Note: Subordinating conjunction.

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent in passive construction.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (kingship, kingdom, rule)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, kingdom, sovereignty

Note: Subject of passive verb 'anuṣṭhitam'.

अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - practiced (performed, practiced, done)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - performed, practiced, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

from √sthā with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so (quotative))

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the end of a quote or thought.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - later (afterwards, later, behind)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent in passive construction ('jñātam').

ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - was known (known, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāta

jñāta - known, understood

Past Passive Participle

from √jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Verb in passive voice.

योगात् (yogāt) - beyond (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, discipline, method, spiritual practice

from √yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Implies "apart from" or "superior to".

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अस्ति (asti) - there is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active third singular

from √as

Root: as (class 2)

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, highest, supreme

Note: Agrees with 'sukham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, comfort, ease)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease

Note: Subject of 'na asti'.